Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 20, 2024 National HR 8036 Indo-Pacific Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (385 - 34)
April 20, 2024 National HR 8034 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 58)
April 20, 2024 National HR 8035 Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (311 - 112)
April 17, 2024 National HR 4691 Iran Sanctions Relief Review Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (278 - 141)
April 16, 2024 National HR 6603 No Technology for Terror Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 19)
April 16, 2024 National HR 5917 Strengthening Tools to Counter the Use of Human Shields Act Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
April 16, 2024 National HR 6015 Iran Sanctions Accountability Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (408 - 13)
April 16, 2024 National HR 6245 Holding Iranian Leaders Accountable Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
April 16, 2024 National HR 3033 Solidify Iran Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (407 - 16)
April 16, 2024 National HR 5826 No Paydays for Hostage-Takers Act Bill Passed - House (391 - 34)
April 16, 2024 National H Res 288 Encouraging the EU to DESIGNATE Resolution Resolution Passed - House (411 - 14)
April 15, 2024 National HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
March 8, 2024 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (75 - 22)
March 4, 2024 ID S 1252 Requires Congress Declare War for National Guard Deployment Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
Feb. 28, 2024 OH SB 154 Requires the Space Force to be Recognized as a Uniformed Armed Service Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 0)
Feb. 14, 2024 National HR 3202 Assad Regime Anti-Normalization Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (389 - 32)
Feb. 13, 2024 National HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (70 - 29)
Feb. 8, 2024 National HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 32)
Feb. 7, 2024 National HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 41)
Feb. 7, 2024 National HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 50)
Jan. 23, 2024 DE SB 202 Establishes Codes Relating to Line of Duty Death Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
Dec. 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - House (310 - 118)
Dec. 13, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
Dec. 12, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
Dec. 6, 2023 National HR 815 A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements relating to the eligibility of veterans to receive reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished through the Veterans Community Care program, and for other purposes (RELIEVE Act) Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 51)
Nov. 14, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
Nov. 2, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Oct. 25, 2023 National H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
Oct. 19, 2023 National S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 5692 Ukraine Security Assistance and Oversight Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (311 - 117)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4365 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (218 - 210)
July 27, 2023 National S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
July 27, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
July 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
March 29, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
March 16, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
Dec. 15, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (83 - 11)
Dec. 8, 2022 National H Res 1512 Providing for the concurrence by the House in the Senate amendment to H.R. 7776, with an amendment Concurrence Vote Passed - House (350 - 80)
Sept. 30, 2022 National HR 6833 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (230 - 201)
Sept. 29, 2022 National HR 6833 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (72 - 25)
July 28, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
July 14, 2022 National HR 7900 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - House (329 - 101)
May 26, 2022 National HR 350 Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 47)
May 18, 2022 National HR 350 Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 203)
May 12, 2022 VT JRH 22 Prohibits Nuclear Weapons Based in the State Joint Resolution Passed - House (83 - 62)
Feb. 23, 2022 FL SB 438 Expands Military Statutes and Definitions to Include Space Force Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
Dec. 14, 2021 National S 1605 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Cloture Invoked - Senate (86 - 13)
Dec. 7, 2021 National S 1605 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Bill Passed - House (363 - 70)
Sept. 23, 2021 National HR 4350 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Bill Passed - House (316 - 113)
June 17, 2021 National HR 256 To Repeal the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 Bill Passed - House (268 - 161)
June 14, 2021 National H Res 473 Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 256) to repeal the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1187) to provide for disclosure of additional material information about public companies and establish a Sustainable Finance Advisory Committee, and for other purposes; and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (216 - 206)
March 11, 2021 KY SB 211 Establishes Penalties for Individuals Convicted of Certain Crimes Committed During a Riot Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
Jan. 22, 2021 National PN 78-1 Nomination of Lloyd Austin as Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (93 - 2)
Dec. 11, 2020 National HR 6395 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (84 - 13)
Dec. 8, 2020 National HR 6395 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Conference Report Adopted - House (335 - 78)
July 31, 2020 National HR 7617 Defense, Commerce, Justice, Science, Energy and Water Development, Financial Services and General Government, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing, and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 2021 Bill Passed - House (217 - 197)
July 23, 2020 National S 4049 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 14)
July 21, 2020 National HR 6395 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Bill Passed - House (295 - 125)
May 7, 2020 National S J Res 68 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Veto Override Failed - Senate (49 - 44)
March 11, 2020 National S J Res 68 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Bill Passed - House (227 - 186)
March 9, 2020 MO HJR 103 Amends the State Constitution to Create a State Department of Defense Joint Resolution Passed - House (117 - 30)
Feb. 13, 2020 National S J Res 68 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 45)
Jan. 30, 2020 National HR 550 No War Against Iran Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (236 - 166)
Jan. 30, 2020 National HR 550 No War Against Iran Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (228 - 175)
Jan. 9, 2020 National H Con Res 83 Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to terminate the use of United States Armed Forces to engage in hostilities in or against Iran Bill Passed - House (224 - 194)
Dec. 11, 2019 National S 1790 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 Conference Report Adopted - House (377 - 48)
Oct. 29, 2019 National HR 4695 Protect Against Conflict by Turkey (PACT) Act Bill Passed - House (403 - 16)
Oct. 16, 2019 National H J Res 77 Opposing the decision to end certain United States efforts to prevent Turkish military operations against Syrian Kurdish forces in Northeast Syria Bill Passed - House (354 - 60)
July 29, 2019 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of certain defense articles and services Veto Override Passed - Senate (46 - 41)
July 29, 2019 National S J Res 37 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export to the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of France of certain defense articles and services Veto Override Failed - Senate (45 - 39)
July 29, 2019 National S J Res 36 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Italian Republic of certain defense articles and services Veto Override Failed - Senate (45 - 40)
July 23, 2019 National PN 934 Nomination of Mark Esper as the Secretary of Defense (90 - 8)
July 22, 2019 National PN 934 Nomination of Mark Esper as the Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 6)
July 17, 2019 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of certain defense articles and services Bill Passed - House (237 - 190)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/20 HR 8036 Indo-Pacific Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (385 - 34)
4/20 HR 8034 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 58)
4/20 HR 8035 Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (311 - 112)
4/17 HR 4691 Iran Sanctions Relief Review Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (278 - 141)
4/16 HR 6603 No Technology for Terror Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 19)
4/16 HR 5917 Strengthening Tools to Counter the Use of Human Shields Act Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
4/16 HR 6015 Iran Sanctions Accountability Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (408 - 13)
4/16 HR 6245 Holding Iranian Leaders Accountable Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
4/16 HR 3033 Solidify Iran Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (407 - 16)
4/16 HR 5826 No Paydays for Hostage-Takers Act Bill Passed - House (391 - 34)
4/16 H Res 288 Encouraging the EU to DESIGNATE Resolution Resolution Passed - House (411 - 14)
4/15 HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
3/08 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (75 - 22)
3/04 S 1252 Requires Congress Declare War for National Guard Deployment Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
2/28 SB 154 Requires the Space Force to be Recognized as a Uniformed Armed Service Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 0)
2/14 HR 3202 Assad Regime Anti-Normalization Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (389 - 32)
2/13 HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (70 - 29)
2/08 HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 32)
2/07 HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 41)
2/07 HR 815 National Security Act, 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 50)
1/23 SB 202 Establishes Codes Relating to Line of Duty Death Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
12/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - House (310 - 118)
12/13 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
12/12 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
12/06 HR 815 A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements relating to the eligibility of veterans to receive reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished through the Veterans Community Care program, and for other purposes (RELIEVE Act) Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 51)
11/14 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
11/02 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
11/01 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
10/25 H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
10/19 S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
9/28 HR 5692 Ukraine Security Assistance and Oversight Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (311 - 117)
9/28 HR 4365 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (218 - 210)
7/27 S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
7/27 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
7/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
3/29 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
3/16 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
12/15 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (83 - 11)
12/08 H Res 1512 Providing for the concurrence by the House in the Senate amendment to H.R. 7776, with an amendment Concurrence Vote Passed - House (350 - 80)
9/30 HR 6833 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (230 - 201)
9/29 HR 6833 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (72 - 25)
7/28 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
7/14 HR 7900 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - House (329 - 101)
5/26 HR 350 Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 47)
5/18 HR 350 Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 203)
5/12 JRH 22 Prohibits Nuclear Weapons Based in the State Joint Resolution Passed - House (83 - 62)
2/23 SB 438 Expands Military Statutes and Definitions to Include Space Force Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
12/14 S 1605 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Cloture Invoked - Senate (86 - 13)
12/07 S 1605 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Bill Passed - House (363 - 70)
9/23 HR 4350 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Bill Passed - House (316 - 113)
6/17 HR 256 To Repeal the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 Bill Passed - House (268 - 161)
6/14 H Res 473 Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 256) to repeal the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1187) to provide for disclosure of additional material information about public companies and establish a Sustainable Finance Advisory Committee, and for other purposes; and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (216 - 206)
3/11 SB 211 Establishes Penalties for Individuals Convicted of Certain Crimes Committed During a Riot Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
1/22 PN 78-1 Nomination of Lloyd Austin as Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (93 - 2)
12/11 HR 6395 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (84 - 13)
12/08 HR 6395 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Conference Report Adopted - House (335 - 78)
7/31 HR 7617 Defense, Commerce, Justice, Science, Energy and Water Development, Financial Services and General Government, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing, and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 2021 Bill Passed - House (217 - 197)
7/23 S 4049 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 14)
7/21 HR 6395 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 Bill Passed - House (295 - 125)
5/07 S J Res 68 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Veto Override Failed - Senate (49 - 44)
3/11 S J Res 68 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Bill Passed - House (227 - 186)
3/09 HJR 103 Amends the State Constitution to Create a State Department of Defense Joint Resolution Passed - House (117 - 30)
2/13 S J Res 68 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 45)
1/30 HR 550 No War Against Iran Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (236 - 166)
1/30 HR 550 No War Against Iran Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (228 - 175)
1/09 H Con Res 83 Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to terminate the use of United States Armed Forces to engage in hostilities in or against Iran Bill Passed - House (224 - 194)
12/11 S 1790 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 Conference Report Adopted - House (377 - 48)
10/29 HR 4695 Protect Against Conflict by Turkey (PACT) Act Bill Passed - House (403 - 16)
10/16 H J Res 77 Opposing the decision to end certain United States efforts to prevent Turkish military operations against Syrian Kurdish forces in Northeast Syria Bill Passed - House (354 - 60)
7/29 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of certain defense articles and services Veto Override Passed - Senate (46 - 41)
7/29 S J Res 37 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export to the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of France of certain defense articles and services Veto Override Failed - Senate (45 - 39)
7/29 S J Res 36 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Italian Republic of certain defense articles and services Veto Override Failed - Senate (45 - 40)
7/23 PN 934 Nomination of Mark Esper as the Secretary of Defense (90 - 8)
7/22 PN 934 Nomination of Mark Esper as the Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 6)
7/17 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of certain defense articles and services Bill Passed - House (237 - 190)

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