Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 15, 2024 National HR 5923 Iran-China Energy Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (383 - 11)
April 10, 2024 National S J Res 61 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "National Performance Management Measures; Assessing Performance of the National Highway System, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measure". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 47)
March 28, 2024 SC H 5118 Requires Privatization of the Dominion Energy Company Bill Passed - House (83 - 21)
March 28, 2024 IA HF 2664 Establishes Judicial Review for Eminent Domain Decisions Bill Passed - House (86 - 7)
March 21, 2024 National H Res 987 Denouncing the harmful, anti-American energy policies of the Biden administration, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (217 - 200)
March 21, 2024 National H Con Res 86 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 196)
March 20, 2024 National HR 6009 Restoring American Energy Dominance Act Bill Passed - House (216 - 200)
March 7, 2024 OR HB 4080 Requires Individuals Involved in Offshore Wind Energy Projects Meet Certain Labor and Supply Chain Standards Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
March 6, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
March 6, 2024 SD SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Conference Report Adopted - House (39 - 31)
March 6, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - House (41 - 29)
March 6, 2024 SD SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
March 6, 2024 OR HB 4083 Prohibits the State Treasurer From Investing Funding in Companies that Deal in Thermal Coal Concurrence Vote Passed - House (34 - 21)
March 6, 2024 FL SB 1084 Prohibits the Regulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in the State Bill Passed - House (86 - 27)
March 5, 2024 WA SB 6058 Amends State Carbon Markets to Align with the California-Quebec Carbon Market Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 19)
March 5, 2024 OR HB 4083 Prohibits the State Treasurer From Investing Funding in Companies that Deal in Thermal Coal Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
March 5, 2024 OR SB 1581 Requires Electric Companies to Report Each Year on the Steps Being Taken to be Part of an Energy Market Bill Passed - House (37 - 14)
March 5, 2024 OR HB 4080 Requires Individuals Involved in Offshore Wind Energy Projects Meet Certain Labor and Supply Chain Standards Bill Passed - House (37 - 21)
March 4, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
March 4, 2024 AZ HCR 2050 Prohibits Municipalities from Banning an Energy Source Joint Resolution Passed - House (31 - 29)
March 4, 2024 AZ HCR 2050 Prohibits Municipalities from Banning an Energy Source Joint Resolution Passed - House (31 - 29)
March 1, 2024 WA HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
March 1, 2024 AK HJR 20 Alleges Opposition to the Bureau of Land Management Concerning the National Petroleum Reserve Joint Resolution Passed - House (36 - 1)
Feb. 29, 2024 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 47)
Feb. 29, 2024 WA SB 6058 Amends State Carbon Markets to Align with the California-Quebec Carbon Market Bill Passed - House (57 - 39)
Feb. 29, 2024 FL SB 1084 Prohibits the Regulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in the State Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
Feb. 28, 2024 SD SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Bill Passed - House (40 - 30)
Feb. 28, 2024 National HR 6544 Atomic Energy Advancement Act Bill Passed - House (365 - 36)
Feb. 27, 2024 UT HB 48 Amends the Utah Energy Act Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
Feb. 23, 2024 UT HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 7)
Feb. 22, 2024 UT HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 5)
Feb. 21, 2024 OR SB 1581 Requires Electric Companies to Report Each Year on the Steps Being Taken to be Part of an Energy Market (24 - 6)
Feb. 20, 2024 WI SB 613 Limits Non-Economic Damage Awarded in Lawsuits Involving Commercial Vehicle Accidents to $1 Million Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
Feb. 16, 2024 UT HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 4)
Feb. 15, 2024 National HR 7176 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (224 - 200)
Feb. 15, 2024 National HR 7176 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (224 - 200)
Feb. 14, 2024 NM HB 211 Authorizes and Prioritizes Certain Water Projects in the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
Feb. 8, 2024 WA HB 1391 Establishes Clean Energy Incentives from the Climate Commitment Act for Construction of New Clean Energy Buildings Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
Feb. 8, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - House (40 - 24)
Feb. 6, 2024 UT HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
Jan. 29, 2024 UT HB 62 Authorizes School Curriculum Over the Water Cycle, State Water Use History, and Various Water Systems Bill Passed - House (65 - 8)
Jan. 29, 2024 WA HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
Jan. 22, 2024 WA HB 1589 Prohibits Any New Natural Gas Line Construction in the State Bill Passed - House (52 - 45)
Jan. 22, 2024 WA HB 1589 Prohibits Any New Natural Gas Line Construction in the State Bill Passed - House (52 - 45)
Jan. 16, 2024 WI SB 792 Establishes a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Across the State of Wisconsin Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
Jan. 16, 2024 WI SB 791 Establishes Exemptions from Public Utility Regulations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
Jan. 11, 2024 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - House (209 - 198)
Dec. 6, 2023 National HR 4468 Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 197)
Nov. 15, 2023 OH HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - House (70 - 23)
Nov. 15, 2023 OH HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - House (70 - 23)
Nov. 9, 2023 IL HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Concurrence Vote Passed - House (98 - 6)
Nov. 8, 2023 IL HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 7)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI HB 5120 Authorizes the Michigan Public Service Commission Power Over Clean-Energy Projects Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 271 Requires Consumers Energy and DTE Energy to Reach 80% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2035 and 100% by 2040 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 273 Increases Energy-Efficiency Improvement Requirements of State Utilities from 1% to 1.5% Per Year Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
Nov. 8, 2023 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 3, 2023 MI SB 502 Requires the Utilities Efficiency Program To Be Equitable, Reliable, and Affordable Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
Nov. 3, 2023 National HR 3774 Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum (SHIP) Act Bill Passed - House (342 - 69)
Nov. 3, 2023 MI SB 273 Increases Energy-Efficiency Improvement Requirements of State Utilities from 1% to 1.5% Per Year Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 3, 2023 MI SB 519 Establishes a State Community and Worker Economic Transition Office Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
Nov. 3, 2023 MI SB 271 Requires Consumers Energy and DTE Energy to Reach 80% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2035 and 100% by 2040 Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
Nov. 2, 2023 MI HB 5120 Authorizes the Michigan Public Service Commission Power Over Clean-Energy Projects Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
Oct. 26, 2023 MI SB 502 Requires the Utilities Efficiency Program To Be Equitable, Reliable, and Affordable Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 26, 2023 National HR 4394 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (210 - 199)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 1373 Appropriates Funding for Various State Clean Energy Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 16)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 1167 Prohibits Oil Well Owners from Transferring Ownership to Another Unless They File for a Bond Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 18)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 1373 Appropriates Funding for Various State Clean Energy Programs Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
Sept. 14, 2023 National HR 1435 Preserving Choice in Vehicle Purchases Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 190)
Sept. 13, 2023 CA AB 1167 Prohibits Oil Well Owners from Transferring Ownership to Another Unless They File for a Bond Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
July 25, 2023 ME LD 1895 Establishes Rules Regarding Procurement of Energy from Offshore Wind Resources Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 8)
July 6, 2023 ME LD 1986 Establishes the Net Energy Billing and Distributed Solar and Energy Storage Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - House (77 - 52)
June 28, 2023 MI HB 4706 Authorizes Entities to Own or Operate Electric Vehicle Chargers Without being Considered a Public Utility Bill Passed - House (100 - 8)
June 23, 2023 ME LD 1895 Establishes Rules Regarding Procurement of Energy from Offshore Wind Resources Bill Passed - House (59 - 40)
June 22, 2023 ME LD 1986 Establishes the Net Energy Billing and Distributed Solar and Energy Storage Systems "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 13)
June 21, 2023 NY S 6218 Authorizes the Connection of Offshore Wind Farms to the State Power Grid on Long Island Bill Passed - House (92 - 48)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/15 HR 5923 Iran-China Energy Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (383 - 11)
4/10 S J Res 61 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "National Performance Management Measures; Assessing Performance of the National Highway System, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measure". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 47)
3/28 H 5118 Requires Privatization of the Dominion Energy Company Bill Passed - House (83 - 21)
3/28 HF 2664 Establishes Judicial Review for Eminent Domain Decisions Bill Passed - House (86 - 7)
3/21 H Res 987 Denouncing the harmful, anti-American energy policies of the Biden administration, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (217 - 200)
3/21 H Con Res 86 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 196)
3/20 HR 6009 Restoring American Energy Dominance Act Bill Passed - House (216 - 200)
3/07 HB 4080 Requires Individuals Involved in Offshore Wind Energy Projects Meet Certain Labor and Supply Chain Standards Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
3/06 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
3/06 SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Conference Report Adopted - House (39 - 31)
3/06 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - House (41 - 29)
3/06 SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
3/06 HB 4083 Prohibits the State Treasurer From Investing Funding in Companies that Deal in Thermal Coal Concurrence Vote Passed - House (34 - 21)
3/06 SB 1084 Prohibits the Regulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in the State Bill Passed - House (86 - 27)
3/05 SB 6058 Amends State Carbon Markets to Align with the California-Quebec Carbon Market Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 19)
3/05 HB 4083 Prohibits the State Treasurer From Investing Funding in Companies that Deal in Thermal Coal Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
3/05 SB 1581 Requires Electric Companies to Report Each Year on the Steps Being Taken to be Part of an Energy Market Bill Passed - House (37 - 14)
3/05 HB 4080 Requires Individuals Involved in Offshore Wind Energy Projects Meet Certain Labor and Supply Chain Standards Bill Passed - House (37 - 21)
3/04 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
3/04 HCR 2050 Prohibits Municipalities from Banning an Energy Source Joint Resolution Passed - House (31 - 29)
3/04 HCR 2050 Prohibits Municipalities from Banning an Energy Source Joint Resolution Passed - House (31 - 29)
3/01 HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
3/01 HJR 20 Alleges Opposition to the Bureau of Land Management Concerning the National Petroleum Reserve Joint Resolution Passed - House (36 - 1)
2/29 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 47)
2/29 SB 6058 Amends State Carbon Markets to Align with the California-Quebec Carbon Market Bill Passed - House (57 - 39)
2/29 SB 1084 Prohibits the Regulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in the State Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
2/28 SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Bill Passed - House (40 - 30)
2/28 HR 6544 Atomic Energy Advancement Act Bill Passed - House (365 - 36)
2/27 HB 48 Amends the Utah Energy Act Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
2/23 HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 7)
2/22 HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 5)
2/21 SB 1581 Requires Electric Companies to Report Each Year on the Steps Being Taken to be Part of an Energy Market (24 - 6)
2/20 SB 613 Limits Non-Economic Damage Awarded in Lawsuits Involving Commercial Vehicle Accidents to $1 Million Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
2/16 HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 4)
2/15 HR 7176 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (224 - 200)
2/15 HR 7176 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (224 - 200)
2/14 HB 211 Authorizes and Prioritizes Certain Water Projects in the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
2/08 HB 1391 Establishes Clean Energy Incentives from the Climate Commitment Act for Construction of New Clean Energy Buildings Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
2/08 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - House (40 - 24)
2/06 HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
1/29 HB 62 Authorizes School Curriculum Over the Water Cycle, State Water Use History, and Various Water Systems Bill Passed - House (65 - 8)
1/29 HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
1/22 HB 1589 Prohibits Any New Natural Gas Line Construction in the State Bill Passed - House (52 - 45)
1/22 HB 1589 Prohibits Any New Natural Gas Line Construction in the State Bill Passed - House (52 - 45)
1/16 SB 792 Establishes a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Across the State of Wisconsin Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
1/16 SB 791 Establishes Exemptions from Public Utility Regulations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
1/11 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - House (209 - 198)
12/06 HR 4468 Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 197)
11/15 HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - House (70 - 23)
11/15 HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - House (70 - 23)
11/09 HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Concurrence Vote Passed - House (98 - 6)
11/08 HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 7)
11/08 HB 5120 Authorizes the Michigan Public Service Commission Power Over Clean-Energy Projects Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
11/08 SB 271 Requires Consumers Energy and DTE Energy to Reach 80% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2035 and 100% by 2040 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/08 SB 273 Increases Energy-Efficiency Improvement Requirements of State Utilities from 1% to 1.5% Per Year Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
11/08 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
11/03 SB 502 Requires the Utilities Efficiency Program To Be Equitable, Reliable, and Affordable Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
11/03 HR 3774 Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum (SHIP) Act Bill Passed - House (342 - 69)
11/03 SB 273 Increases Energy-Efficiency Improvement Requirements of State Utilities from 1% to 1.5% Per Year Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/03 SB 519 Establishes a State Community and Worker Economic Transition Office Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
11/03 SB 271 Requires Consumers Energy and DTE Energy to Reach 80% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2035 and 100% by 2040 Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
11/02 HB 5120 Authorizes the Michigan Public Service Commission Power Over Clean-Energy Projects Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
10/26 SB 502 Requires the Utilities Efficiency Program To Be Equitable, Reliable, and Affordable Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/26 HR 4394 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (210 - 199)
9/14 AB 1373 Appropriates Funding for Various State Clean Energy Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 16)
9/14 AB 1167 Prohibits Oil Well Owners from Transferring Ownership to Another Unless They File for a Bond Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 18)
9/14 AB 1373 Appropriates Funding for Various State Clean Energy Programs Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
9/14 HR 1435 Preserving Choice in Vehicle Purchases Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 190)
9/13 AB 1167 Prohibits Oil Well Owners from Transferring Ownership to Another Unless They File for a Bond Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
7/25 LD 1895 Establishes Rules Regarding Procurement of Energy from Offshore Wind Resources Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 8)
7/06 LD 1986 Establishes the Net Energy Billing and Distributed Solar and Energy Storage Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - House (77 - 52)
6/28 HB 4706 Authorizes Entities to Own or Operate Electric Vehicle Chargers Without being Considered a Public Utility Bill Passed - House (100 - 8)
6/23 LD 1895 Establishes Rules Regarding Procurement of Energy from Offshore Wind Resources Bill Passed - House (59 - 40)
6/22 LD 1986 Establishes the Net Energy Billing and Distributed Solar and Energy Storage Systems "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 13)
6/21 S 6218 Authorizes the Connection of Offshore Wind Farms to the State Power Grid on Long Island Bill Passed - House (92 - 48)

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