Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 11, 2024 National S 382 Puyallup Tribe of Indians Land Into Trust Confirmation Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (301 - 15)
April 10, 2024 IA SF 2385 Establishes Rules on Local Governing Bodies Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 14)
April 3, 2024 ME LD 1578 Requires Adoption of the Interstate Compact to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
April 2, 2024 ME LD 1578 Requires Adoption of the Interstate Compact to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 72)
March 28, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 75)
March 27, 2024 MO HB 2142 Expands Broadband Internet Access for Rural Communities Bill Passed - House (146 - 0)
March 25, 2024 TN HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
March 21, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 19)
March 14, 2024 TN HB 1931 Repeals Local Police Policies Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 6)
March 14, 2024 MS SB 2770 Amends Ballot Initiatives Processes Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 21)
March 14, 2024 TN HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
March 11, 2024 OK SB 1200 Requires Year Round Daylight Savings Time if Approved Federally by Congress Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 9)
March 7, 2024 TN HB 1931 Repeals Local Police Policies Bill Passed - House (68 - 24)
March 4, 2024 OR SB 1548 Repeals Daylight Savings Time if California and Washington Do As Well Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
Feb. 29, 2024 SD SB 49 Appropriates $10 Million from Remaining American Rescue Plan Act Funding for Water and Sewer Infrastructure Bill Passed - House (58 - 11)
Feb. 29, 2024 UT HB 496 Requires the Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office Recognize Multiple Uses and Sustained Yields on Federal Public Lands Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
Feb. 29, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - House (97 - 74)
Feb. 28, 2024 UT SB 268 Authorizes Cities to Create First Home Investment Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 7)
Feb. 28, 2024 UT SB 268 Authorizes Cities to Create First Home Investment Zones Bill Passed - House (55 - 18)
Feb. 28, 2024 SD HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 4)
Feb. 28, 2024 National HR 4984 D.C. Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium Campus Revitalization Act Bill Passed - House (348 - 55)
Feb. 27, 2024 SD SB 49 Appropriates $10 Million from Remaining American Rescue Plan Act Funding for Water and Sewer Infrastructure Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
Feb. 26, 2024 SD HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - House (63 - 5)
Feb. 23, 2024 UT HB 496 Requires the Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office Recognize Multiple Uses and Sustained Yields on Federal Public Lands Bill Passed - House (62 - 4)
Feb. 22, 2024 WY SF 13 Authorizes the Legislature to Prosecute Actions Involving the Proper Administration and Interpretation of Federal Acts Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 9)
Feb. 16, 2024 UT HJR 19 Establishes the Legislature's support of Sen. Mike Lee's HOUSES Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
Feb. 13, 2024 NM SB 15 Requires State Review of All Healthcare Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Material Changes Bill Passed - House (47 - 20)
Feb. 13, 2024 WV SB 171 Prohibits County Commissions from Authorizing Limits that Exceed State Law Regarding Agriculture Bill Passed - House (84 - 16)
Feb. 9, 2024 NM SB 15 Requires State Review of All Healthcare Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Material Changes Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
Feb. 5, 2024 UT HJR 19 Establishes the Legislature's support of Sen. Mike Lee's HOUSES Act Joint Resolution Passed - House (60 - 12)
Feb. 1, 2024 FL HR 1209 Authorizes State Disassociation from Council on American-Islamic Relations Resolution Passed - House (98 - 15)
Jan. 26, 2024 UT HB 261 Repeals Diversity Training Programs Across All Public Education and Government Agencies in the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 14)
Jan. 25, 2024 UT HB 261 Repeals Diversity Training Programs Across All Public Education and Government Agencies in the State Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
Dec. 13, 2023 PA SB 140 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Appoint a Special Prosecutor for South Eastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) Crimes Bill Passed - House (159 - 44)
Sept. 27, 2023 OH SB 158 Specifies Municipalities Must Gain Approval from Legislative Authorities to Draw Money from the Treasury Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Sept. 13, 2023 CA AB 1248 Requires Local Jurisdictions by 2030 Form Independent Redistricting Commissions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 16)
Sept. 13, 2023 CA AB 1633 Requires Local Government Review of State Environmental Policies Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 3)
Sept. 12, 2023 CA SB 447 Authorizes State and Public University Employees to Resume Travel to Previously Restricted States Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
Sept. 12, 2023 CA AB 1248 Requires Local Jurisdictions by 2030 Form Independent Redistricting Commissions Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Sept. 11, 2023 CA SB 447 Authorizes State and Public University Employees to Resume Travel to Previously Restricted States Bill Passed - House (64 - 12)
July 25, 2023 ME LD 86 Amends the State Flag Designation to Reestablish the Former Flag Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 7)
June 22, 2023 PA SB 753 Amends the Boroughs and Incorporated Towns Code of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
June 13, 2023 ME LD 86 Amends the State Flag Designation to Reestablish the Former Flag Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 70)
June 10, 2023 NY S 7537 Establishes the Village Incorporation Commission Bill Passed - House (83 - 52)
June 10, 2023 NY S 7538 Authorizes the Immediate Incorporation of Villages into State Code Bill Passed - House (86 - 49)
June 8, 2023 NY S 7538 Authorizes the Immediate Incorporation of Villages into State Code Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 23)
June 8, 2023 NY S 7537 Establishes the Village Incorporation Commission Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 18)
June 7, 2023 SC S 96 Prohibits a Person from Operating Certain Watercraft Without Possessing a Boating Safety Certificate Conference Report Adopted - House (97 - 7)
June 7, 2023 WI AB 142 Prohibits Local Restrictions on Motor Vehicles Based on Energy Sources Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
June 7, 2023 WI AB 141 Prohibits Local Restrictions on Clean Energy Devices Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
June 6, 2023 LA HB 260 Requires Legislature Approval for all Election Rule-making and Funding Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 29)
June 4, 2023 LA HB 260 Requires Legislature Approval for all Election Rule-making and Funding Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
May 24, 2023 CA SB 447 Authorizes State and Public University Employees to Resume Travel to Previously Restricted States Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
May 19, 2023 TX HB 2127 Prohibits Cities From Passing any Heat-Related Ordinances Concurrence Vote Passed - House (84 - 58)
May 18, 2023 National H Con Res 40 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers and condemning efforts to defund or dismantle local law enforcement agencies Joint Resolution Passed - House (301 - 119)
May 17, 2023 TX SB 1860 Requires Legislative Approval for Cities to Amend Their Charters to Address Climate Change Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
May 16, 2023 TX HB 2127 Prohibits Cities From Passing any Heat-Related Ordinances Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
May 16, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
May 12, 2023 TX SB 1860 Requires Legislative Approval for Cities to Amend Their Charters to Address Climate Change Bill Passed - House (101 - 41)
May 8, 2023 CO HB 23-1190 Authorizes Local Governments the Right of First Refusal on Multifamily Properties Concurrence Vote Passed - House (42 - 19)
May 7, 2023 CO HB 23-1255 Prohibits Local Growth Caps Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 21)
May 7, 2023 CO HB 23-1190 Authorizes Local Governments the Right of First Refusal on Multifamily Properties Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 16)
May 6, 2023 CO SB 23-277 Expands Public Safety Programs and Extends Existing Appropriations Bill Passed - House (48 - 17)
May 4, 2023 CO HB 23-1255 Prohibits Local Growth Caps Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
May 4, 2023 IA HF 716 Requires Iowa Political Parties Meet in Person to Select Their Delegates in a Presidential Election Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
May 4, 2023 IL HB 1596 Amends the Children Family Services Act by Removing Gender Specific Pronouns Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
May 3, 2023 FL SB 170 Amends Laws Concerning Local Ordinances and Legal Suits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 12)
May 3, 2023 FL SB 170 Amends Laws Concerning Local Ordinances and Legal Suits Bill Passed - House (82 - 33)
May 2, 2023 PA SB 140 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Appoint a Special Prosecutor for South Eastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) Crimes Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 21)
May 1, 2023 IA HF 716 Requires Iowa Political Parties Meet in Person to Select Their Delegates in a Presidential Election Bill Passed - House (61 - 33)
April 27, 2023 TX SB 2209 Prohibits Civilian Oversight of Police Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 11)
April 25, 2023 NV SB 391 Prohibits Local Government Use of "Sundown Sirens" Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
April 20, 2023 IA SF 478 Increases Restrictions on Information the State Auditor's Office can Obtain During Investigations Bill Passed - House (55 - 41)
April 19, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 189)
April 18, 2023 MT HB 748 Repeals Local Governments Ability to Pass Zoning Restrictions for the Purpose of Promoting "Morals" Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 12)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/11 S 382 Puyallup Tribe of Indians Land Into Trust Confirmation Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (301 - 15)
4/10 SF 2385 Establishes Rules on Local Governing Bodies Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 14)
4/03 LD 1578 Requires Adoption of the Interstate Compact to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
4/02 LD 1578 Requires Adoption of the Interstate Compact to Elect the President of the United States by National Popular Vote Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 72)
3/28 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 75)
3/27 HB 2142 Expands Broadband Internet Access for Rural Communities Bill Passed - House (146 - 0)
3/25 HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
3/21 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 19)
3/14 HB 1931 Repeals Local Police Policies Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 6)
3/14 SB 2770 Amends Ballot Initiatives Processes Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 21)
3/14 HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
3/11 SB 1200 Requires Year Round Daylight Savings Time if Approved Federally by Congress Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 9)
3/07 HB 1931 Repeals Local Police Policies Bill Passed - House (68 - 24)
3/04 SB 1548 Repeals Daylight Savings Time if California and Washington Do As Well Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
2/29 SB 49 Appropriates $10 Million from Remaining American Rescue Plan Act Funding for Water and Sewer Infrastructure Bill Passed - House (58 - 11)
2/29 HB 496 Requires the Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office Recognize Multiple Uses and Sustained Yields on Federal Public Lands Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
2/29 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - House (97 - 74)
2/28 SB 268 Authorizes Cities to Create First Home Investment Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 7)
2/28 SB 268 Authorizes Cities to Create First Home Investment Zones Bill Passed - House (55 - 18)
2/28 HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 4)
2/28 HR 4984 D.C. Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium Campus Revitalization Act Bill Passed - House (348 - 55)
2/27 SB 49 Appropriates $10 Million from Remaining American Rescue Plan Act Funding for Water and Sewer Infrastructure Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
2/26 HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - House (63 - 5)
2/23 HB 496 Requires the Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office Recognize Multiple Uses and Sustained Yields on Federal Public Lands Bill Passed - House (62 - 4)
2/22 SF 13 Authorizes the Legislature to Prosecute Actions Involving the Proper Administration and Interpretation of Federal Acts Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 9)
2/16 HJR 19 Establishes the Legislature's support of Sen. Mike Lee's HOUSES Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
2/13 SB 15 Requires State Review of All Healthcare Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Material Changes Bill Passed - House (47 - 20)
2/13 SB 171 Prohibits County Commissions from Authorizing Limits that Exceed State Law Regarding Agriculture Bill Passed - House (84 - 16)
2/09 SB 15 Requires State Review of All Healthcare Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Material Changes Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
2/05 HJR 19 Establishes the Legislature's support of Sen. Mike Lee's HOUSES Act Joint Resolution Passed - House (60 - 12)
2/01 HR 1209 Authorizes State Disassociation from Council on American-Islamic Relations Resolution Passed - House (98 - 15)
1/26 HB 261 Repeals Diversity Training Programs Across All Public Education and Government Agencies in the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 14)
1/25 HB 261 Repeals Diversity Training Programs Across All Public Education and Government Agencies in the State Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
12/13 SB 140 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Appoint a Special Prosecutor for South Eastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) Crimes Bill Passed - House (159 - 44)
9/27 SB 158 Specifies Municipalities Must Gain Approval from Legislative Authorities to Draw Money from the Treasury Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
9/13 AB 1248 Requires Local Jurisdictions by 2030 Form Independent Redistricting Commissions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 16)
9/13 AB 1633 Requires Local Government Review of State Environmental Policies Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 3)
9/12 SB 447 Authorizes State and Public University Employees to Resume Travel to Previously Restricted States Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
9/12 AB 1248 Requires Local Jurisdictions by 2030 Form Independent Redistricting Commissions Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
9/11 SB 447 Authorizes State and Public University Employees to Resume Travel to Previously Restricted States Bill Passed - House (64 - 12)
7/25 LD 86 Amends the State Flag Designation to Reestablish the Former Flag Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 7)
6/22 SB 753 Amends the Boroughs and Incorporated Towns Code of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
6/13 LD 86 Amends the State Flag Designation to Reestablish the Former Flag Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 70)
6/10 S 7537 Establishes the Village Incorporation Commission Bill Passed - House (83 - 52)
6/10 S 7538 Authorizes the Immediate Incorporation of Villages into State Code Bill Passed - House (86 - 49)
6/08 S 7538 Authorizes the Immediate Incorporation of Villages into State Code Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 23)
6/08 S 7537 Establishes the Village Incorporation Commission Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 18)
6/07 S 96 Prohibits a Person from Operating Certain Watercraft Without Possessing a Boating Safety Certificate Conference Report Adopted - House (97 - 7)
6/07 AB 142 Prohibits Local Restrictions on Motor Vehicles Based on Energy Sources Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
6/07 AB 141 Prohibits Local Restrictions on Clean Energy Devices Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
6/06 HB 260 Requires Legislature Approval for all Election Rule-making and Funding Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 29)
6/04 HB 260 Requires Legislature Approval for all Election Rule-making and Funding Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
5/24 SB 447 Authorizes State and Public University Employees to Resume Travel to Previously Restricted States Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
5/19 HB 2127 Prohibits Cities From Passing any Heat-Related Ordinances Concurrence Vote Passed - House (84 - 58)
5/18 H Con Res 40 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers and condemning efforts to defund or dismantle local law enforcement agencies Joint Resolution Passed - House (301 - 119)
5/17 SB 1860 Requires Legislative Approval for Cities to Amend Their Charters to Address Climate Change Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
5/16 HB 2127 Prohibits Cities From Passing any Heat-Related Ordinances Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
5/16 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
5/12 SB 1860 Requires Legislative Approval for Cities to Amend Their Charters to Address Climate Change Bill Passed - House (101 - 41)
5/08 HB 23-1190 Authorizes Local Governments the Right of First Refusal on Multifamily Properties Concurrence Vote Passed - House (42 - 19)
5/07 HB 23-1255 Prohibits Local Growth Caps Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 21)
5/07 HB 23-1190 Authorizes Local Governments the Right of First Refusal on Multifamily Properties Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 16)
5/06 SB 23-277 Expands Public Safety Programs and Extends Existing Appropriations Bill Passed - House (48 - 17)
5/04 HB 23-1255 Prohibits Local Growth Caps Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
5/04 HF 716 Requires Iowa Political Parties Meet in Person to Select Their Delegates in a Presidential Election Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
5/04 HB 1596 Amends the Children Family Services Act by Removing Gender Specific Pronouns Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
5/03 SB 170 Amends Laws Concerning Local Ordinances and Legal Suits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 12)
5/03 SB 170 Amends Laws Concerning Local Ordinances and Legal Suits Bill Passed - House (82 - 33)
5/02 SB 140 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Appoint a Special Prosecutor for South Eastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) Crimes Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 21)
5/01 HF 716 Requires Iowa Political Parties Meet in Person to Select Their Delegates in a Presidential Election Bill Passed - House (61 - 33)
4/27 SB 2209 Prohibits Civilian Oversight of Police Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 11)
4/25 SB 391 Prohibits Local Government Use of "Sundown Sirens" Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
4/20 SF 478 Increases Restrictions on Information the State Auditor's Office can Obtain During Investigations Bill Passed - House (55 - 41)
4/19 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 189)
4/18 HB 748 Repeals Local Governments Ability to Pass Zoning Restrictions for the Purpose of Promoting "Morals" Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 12)

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