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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Sept. 26, 2023 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
Sept. 14, 2023 National HR 1435 Preserving Choice in Vehicle Purchases Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 190)
July 27, 2023 National S J Res 24 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 209)
July 27, 2023 National S J Res 9 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern Distinct Population Segment and Endangered Status for the Southern Distinct Population Segment". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 206)
July 27, 2023 National HR 4366 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
July 27, 2023 National S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
July 20, 2023 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 69)
July 19, 2023 National HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
July 18, 2023 National H Con Res 57 Expressing the sense of Congress supporting the State of Israel Joint Resolution Passed - House (412 - 9)
July 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
June 23, 2023 National HR 3564 Middle Class Borrower Protection Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (230 - 189)
June 22, 2023 National H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
June 22, 2023 National H Res 529 Relating to the resolution (H. Res. 503) impeaching Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 208)
June 22, 2023 National H Res 461 Condemning the use of elementary and secondary school facilities to provide shelter for aliens who are not admitted to the United States. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 201)
June 21, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
June 21, 2023 National HR 3799 CHOICE Arrangement Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 209)
June 21, 2023 National H Res 521 Censuring Adam Schiff, Representative of the 30th Congressional District of California. Resolution Passed - House (213 - 209)
June 15, 2023 National HR 288 Separation of Powers Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 211)
June 14, 2023 National HR 1640 Save Our Gas Stoves Act Bill Passed - House (249 - 181)
June 14, 2023 National HR 277 Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
June 13, 2023 National H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Passed - House (219 - 210)
June 13, 2023 National HR 1615 Gas Stove Protection and Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 180)
June 1, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 36)
June 1, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 31, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
May 25, 2023 National HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
May 24, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
May 23, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 203)
May 18, 2023 National H Con Res 40 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers and condemning efforts to defund or dismantle local law enforcement agencies Joint Resolution Passed - House (301 - 119)
May 17, 2023 National HR 3091 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 198)
May 17, 2023 National S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 47)
May 17, 2023 National HR 2494 POLICE Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (255 - 175)
May 16, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
May 11, 2023 National HR 2 Secure the Border Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 213)
May 11, 2023 National HR 1163 Protecting Taxpayers and Victims of Unemployment Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (230 - 200)
May 11, 2023 National S J Res 23 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Marine Fisheries Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Regulations for Listing Endangered and Threatened Species and Designating Critical Habitat". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 49)
May 11, 2023 National S J Res 24 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 49)
May 3, 2023 National H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 41)
May 3, 2023 National S J Res 9 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern Distinct Population Segment and Endangered Status for the Southern Distinct Population Segment". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
April 28, 2023 National H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 202)
April 26, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 26, 2023 National HR 2811 Limit, Save, Grow Act Bill Passed - House (217 - 215)
April 20, 2023 National S 870 Fire Grants and Safety Act Bill Passed - Senate (95 - 2)
April 20, 2023 National HR 734 Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 203)
April 19, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 189)
March 30, 2023 National HR 1 Lower Energy Costs Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
March 29, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 24, 2023 National HR 5 Parents Bill of Rights Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 208)
Date No. Title Outcome
9/26 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
9/14 HR 1435 Preserving Choice in Vehicle Purchases Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 190)
7/27 S J Res 24 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 209)
7/27 S J Res 9 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern Distinct Population Segment and Endangered Status for the Southern Distinct Population Segment". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 206)
7/27 HR 4366 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
7/27 S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
7/20 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 69)
7/19 HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
7/18 H Con Res 57 Expressing the sense of Congress supporting the State of Israel Joint Resolution Passed - House (412 - 9)
7/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
6/23 HR 3564 Middle Class Borrower Protection Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (230 - 189)
6/22 H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
6/22 H Res 529 Relating to the resolution (H. Res. 503) impeaching Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 208)
6/22 H Res 461 Condemning the use of elementary and secondary school facilities to provide shelter for aliens who are not admitted to the United States. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 201)
6/21 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
6/21 HR 3799 CHOICE Arrangement Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 209)
6/21 H Res 521 Censuring Adam Schiff, Representative of the 30th Congressional District of California. Resolution Passed - House (213 - 209)
6/15 HR 288 Separation of Powers Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 211)
6/14 HR 1640 Save Our Gas Stoves Act Bill Passed - House (249 - 181)
6/14 HR 277 Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
6/13 H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Passed - House (219 - 210)
6/13 HR 1615 Gas Stove Protection and Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 180)
6/01 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 36)
6/01 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/31 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
5/25 HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
5/24 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
5/23 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 203)
5/18 H Con Res 40 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers and condemning efforts to defund or dismantle local law enforcement agencies Joint Resolution Passed - House (301 - 119)
5/17 HR 3091 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 198)
5/17 S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 47)
5/17 HR 2494 POLICE Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (255 - 175)
5/16 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
5/11 HR 2 Secure the Border Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 213)
5/11 HR 1163 Protecting Taxpayers and Victims of Unemployment Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (230 - 200)
5/11 S J Res 23 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Marine Fisheries Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Regulations for Listing Endangered and Threatened Species and Designating Critical Habitat". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 49)
5/11 S J Res 24 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 49)
5/03 H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 41)
5/03 S J Res 9 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern Distinct Population Segment and Endangered Status for the Southern Distinct Population Segment". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
4/28 H J Res 39 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord with Presidential Proclamation 10414" Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 202)
4/26 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/26 HR 2811 Limit, Save, Grow Act Bill Passed - House (217 - 215)
4/20 S 870 Fire Grants and Safety Act Bill Passed - Senate (95 - 2)
4/20 HR 734 Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 203)
4/19 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 189)
3/30 HR 1 Lower Energy Costs Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
3/29 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
3/29 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
3/29 H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/24 HR 5 Parents Bill of Rights Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 208)
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