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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Sept. 8, 1999 National H Amdt 423 International Space Station Funding Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (121 - 298)
June 29, 1994 National H Amdt 718 Space Station Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (155 - 278)
July 11, 1996 National H Amdt 1276 Human Embryo Research Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (167 - 256)
July 22, 2005 National H Amdt 511 Advanced Research Opportunities Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (192 - 206)
Nov. 22, 1993 National H Amdt 416 Penny Amendment to the Government Reform and Savings Act of 1993 Amendment Rejected - House (213 - 219)
June 28, 1993 National H Amdt 160 Space Station Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 220)
Nov. 16, 2005 National HR 2862 Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Bill, FY 2006 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (94 - 5)
April 28, 2005 National H Con Res 95 Budget FY2006 Appropriations Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 47)
Oct. 15, 1999 National HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
April 28, 2005 National H Con Res 95 Budget FY2006 Appropriations Resolution Conference Report Adopted - House (214 - 211)
Oct. 14, 1999 National HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - House (406 - 18)
Oct. 19, 1993 National HR 2491 Veterans Administration and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Bill Fiscal Year 1994 Conference Report Adopted - House (341 - 89)
June 4, 1998 National S 1150 Agricultural Research bill Conference Report Adopted - House (364 - 50)
May 12, 1998 National S 1150 Agricultural Research bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 8)
Nov. 9, 2005 National HR 2862 Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Bill, FY 2006 Conference Report Adopted - House (397 - 19)
Sept. 22, 1993 National HR 2491 Veterans Administration and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Bill Fiscal Year 1994 Bill Passed - Senate (91 - 9)
May 18, 1998 National S 1723 Non-Immigrant Specialty Workers bill Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 20)
March 16, 1994 National HR 820 National Competitiveness Act of 1993 Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 40)
June 21, 2007 National HR 6 Energy Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (65 - 27)
Oct. 16, 2007 National HR 3093 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008 Bill Passed - Senate (75 - 19)
July 18, 2006 National S 2754 Alternative Stem Cell Therapies Act Bill Failed - House (273 - 154)
July 31, 2001 National HR 2505 Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001 Bill Passed - House (265 - 162)
March 11, 1993 National HR 4 Fetal Tissue Research Bill Bill Passed - House (283 - 131)
June 29, 1993 National HR 2491 Veterans Administration and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Bill Fiscal Year 1994 Bill Passed - House (313 - 110)
May 28, 2010 National HR 5116 Science and Technology Funding Bill Passed - House (262 - 150)
May 19, 1993 National HR 820 National Competitiveness Act of 1993 Bill Passed - House (243 - 167)
June 16, 2005 National HR 2862 Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Bill, FY 2006 Bill Passed - House (418 - 7)
June 6, 2007 National HR 2560 Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2007 Bill Failed - House (204 - 213)
May 24, 2005 National HR 810 Stem Cell Research Bill of 2005 Bill Passed - House (238 - 194)
July 18, 2006 National HR 810 Stem Cell Research Bill of 2005 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 37)
Feb. 27, 2003 National HR 534 Cloning of Humans bill Bill Passed - House (241 - 155)
Sept. 9, 1999 National HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Bill Passed - House (235 - 187)
Jan. 11, 2007 National HR 3 Stem Cell Research Act of 2007 Bill Passed - House (253 - 174)
May 19, 2010 National HR 5325 Science and Technology Funding Bill Failed - House (261 - 148)
June 7, 2007 National S 5 Stem Cell Research Act of 2007 Bill Passed - House (247 - 176)
April 11, 2007 National S 5 Stem Cell Research Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 34)
March 17, 2005 National H Con Res 95 Budget FY2006 Appropriations Resolution Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 214)
April 11, 2007 National S 30 Stem Cell Research Hope Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (70 - 28)
July 26, 2007 National HR 3093 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008 Bill Passed - House (281 - 142)
Aug. 1, 2007 National HR 3162 State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Reauthorization Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
June 29, 2006 National HR 5672 Commerce Department Appropriations Bill FY 2006 Bill Passed - House (393 - 23)
Oct. 12, 1995 National HR 2405 Omnibus Civilian Science Authorization Act of 1995 Bill Passed - House (248 - 161)
July 7, 2016 National S 764 Establishes Labeling Standards for Genetically Modified Foods Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (63 - 30)
April 19, 2018 National PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (50 - 49)
March 28, 2022 National HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 28)
Nov. 30, 2012 National HR 6429 STEM Jobs Act of 2012 Bill Passed - House (245 - 139)
April 18, 2018 National PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 48)
April 4, 2022 National HR 5657 Medical Marijuana Research Act Bill Passed - House (343 - 75)
Sept. 20, 2012 National HR 6429 STEM Jobs Act of 2012 Bill Failed - House (257 - 158)
Dec. 11, 2013 National HR 2019 Kids First Research Act of 2013 Bill Passed - House (295 - 103)
May 9, 2014 National HR 4438 American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2014 Bill Passed - House (274 - 131)
May 20, 2015 National HR 1806 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (217 - 205)
May 21, 2015 National HR 2262 Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (284 - 133)
June 3, 2015 National HR 2578 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016 Bill Passed - House (242 - 183)
Feb. 10, 2016 National HR 3293 Scientific Research in the National Interest Act Bill Passed - House (236 - 178)
March 29, 2017 National HR 1430 Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (228 - 194)
March 30, 2017 National HR 1431 EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (229 - 193)
June 8, 2021 National S 1260 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 32)
Feb. 4, 2022 National HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 210)
July 26, 2022 National HR 8454 Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act Bill Passed - House (325 - 95)
May 8, 2024 National HR 8289 Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II Bill Passed - House (385 - 24)
Feb. 26, 2009 National HR 1105 2009 Budget Bill Bill Passed - House (245 - 178)
Aug. 5, 2009 NC SB 138 Banning Salvia Divinorum Bill Passed - House (96 - 15)
May 11, 2006 NH SCR 6 Stem Cell Research Resolution Nonconcurrence Vote Passed - Senate (13 - 10)
April 19, 2006 NH SCR 6 Stem Cell Research Resolution Resolution Passed - House (198 - 140)
May 18, 2006 NJ S 1471 Cigarette Tax Securitization Proceeds Fund; Stem Cell and Biomedical Research Facilities Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
Jan. 29, 2008 NM SB 23 Authorizing Stem Cell Research Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
March 20, 2009 NM SB 77 Allowing Embryonic Stem Cell Research Bill Failed - House (30 - 38)
Jan. 29, 2008 NM SB 23 Authorizing Stem Cell Research Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Feb. 19, 2009 NM SB 77 Allowing Embryonic Stem Cell Research Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 14)
March 20, 2015 NM SB 94 Authorizes Industrial Hemp Research Bill Passed - House (54 - 12)
March 2, 2015 NM SB 94 Authorizes Industrial Hemp Research Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 8)
April 23, 2009 OK HB 1326 Ban on Certain Types of Stem Cell Research Veto Override Passed - House (68 - 26)
April 23, 2009 OK HB 1326 Ban on Certain Types of Stem Cell Research Veto Override Failed - Senate (26 - 19)
March 2, 2006 OK HB 2107 Science Instruction Bill Passed - House (77 - 10)
Date No. Title Outcome
9/08 H Amdt 423 International Space Station Funding Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (121 - 298)
6/29 H Amdt 718 Space Station Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (155 - 278)
7/11 H Amdt 1276 Human Embryo Research Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (167 - 256)
7/22 H Amdt 511 Advanced Research Opportunities Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (192 - 206)
11/22 H Amdt 416 Penny Amendment to the Government Reform and Savings Act of 1993 Amendment Rejected - House (213 - 219)
6/28 H Amdt 160 Space Station Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 220)
11/16 HR 2862 Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Bill, FY 2006 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (94 - 5)
4/28 H Con Res 95 Budget FY2006 Appropriations Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 47)
10/15 HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
4/28 H Con Res 95 Budget FY2006 Appropriations Resolution Conference Report Adopted - House (214 - 211)
10/14 HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - House (406 - 18)
10/19 HR 2491 Veterans Administration and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Bill Fiscal Year 1994 Conference Report Adopted - House (341 - 89)
6/04 S 1150 Agricultural Research bill Conference Report Adopted - House (364 - 50)
5/12 S 1150 Agricultural Research bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 8)
11/09 HR 2862 Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Bill, FY 2006 Conference Report Adopted - House (397 - 19)
9/22 HR 2491 Veterans Administration and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Bill Fiscal Year 1994 Bill Passed - Senate (91 - 9)
5/18 S 1723 Non-Immigrant Specialty Workers bill Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 20)
3/16 HR 820 National Competitiveness Act of 1993 Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 40)
6/21 HR 6 Energy Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (65 - 27)
10/16 HR 3093 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008 Bill Passed - Senate (75 - 19)
7/18 S 2754 Alternative Stem Cell Therapies Act Bill Failed - House (273 - 154)
7/31 HR 2505 Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001 Bill Passed - House (265 - 162)
3/11 HR 4 Fetal Tissue Research Bill Bill Passed - House (283 - 131)
6/29 HR 2491 Veterans Administration and Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Bill Fiscal Year 1994 Bill Passed - House (313 - 110)
5/28 HR 5116 Science and Technology Funding Bill Passed - House (262 - 150)
5/19 HR 820 National Competitiveness Act of 1993 Bill Passed - House (243 - 167)
6/16 HR 2862 Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Bill, FY 2006 Bill Passed - House (418 - 7)
6/06 HR 2560 Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2007 Bill Failed - House (204 - 213)
5/24 HR 810 Stem Cell Research Bill of 2005 Bill Passed - House (238 - 194)
7/18 HR 810 Stem Cell Research Bill of 2005 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 37)
2/27 HR 534 Cloning of Humans bill Bill Passed - House (241 - 155)
9/09 HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Bill Passed - House (235 - 187)
1/11 HR 3 Stem Cell Research Act of 2007 Bill Passed - House (253 - 174)
5/19 HR 5325 Science and Technology Funding Bill Failed - House (261 - 148)
6/07 S 5 Stem Cell Research Act of 2007 Bill Passed - House (247 - 176)
4/11 S 5 Stem Cell Research Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 34)
3/17 H Con Res 95 Budget FY2006 Appropriations Resolution Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 214)
4/11 S 30 Stem Cell Research Hope Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (70 - 28)
7/26 HR 3093 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008 Bill Passed - House (281 - 142)
8/01 HR 3162 State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Reauthorization Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
6/29 HR 5672 Commerce Department Appropriations Bill FY 2006 Bill Passed - House (393 - 23)
10/12 HR 2405 Omnibus Civilian Science Authorization Act of 1995 Bill Passed - House (248 - 161)
7/07 S 764 Establishes Labeling Standards for Genetically Modified Foods Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (63 - 30)
4/19 PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (50 - 49)
3/28 HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 28)
11/30 HR 6429 STEM Jobs Act of 2012 Bill Passed - House (245 - 139)
4/18 PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 48)
4/04 HR 5657 Medical Marijuana Research Act Bill Passed - House (343 - 75)
9/20 HR 6429 STEM Jobs Act of 2012 Bill Failed - House (257 - 158)
12/11 HR 2019 Kids First Research Act of 2013 Bill Passed - House (295 - 103)
5/09 HR 4438 American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2014 Bill Passed - House (274 - 131)
5/20 HR 1806 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (217 - 205)
5/21 HR 2262 Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (284 - 133)
6/03 HR 2578 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016 Bill Passed - House (242 - 183)
2/10 HR 3293 Scientific Research in the National Interest Act Bill Passed - House (236 - 178)
3/29 HR 1430 Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (228 - 194)
3/30 HR 1431 EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (229 - 193)
6/08 S 1260 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 32)
2/04 HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 210)
7/26 HR 8454 Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act Bill Passed - House (325 - 95)
5/08 HR 8289 Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II Bill Passed - House (385 - 24)
2/26 HR 1105 2009 Budget Bill Bill Passed - House (245 - 178)
8/05 SB 138 Banning Salvia Divinorum Bill Passed - House (96 - 15)
5/11 SCR 6 Stem Cell Research Resolution Nonconcurrence Vote Passed - Senate (13 - 10)
4/19 SCR 6 Stem Cell Research Resolution Resolution Passed - House (198 - 140)
5/18 S 1471 Cigarette Tax Securitization Proceeds Fund; Stem Cell and Biomedical Research Facilities Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
1/29 SB 23 Authorizing Stem Cell Research Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
3/20 SB 77 Allowing Embryonic Stem Cell Research Bill Failed - House (30 - 38)
1/29 SB 23 Authorizing Stem Cell Research Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
2/19 SB 77 Allowing Embryonic Stem Cell Research Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 14)
3/20 SB 94 Authorizes Industrial Hemp Research Bill Passed - House (54 - 12)
3/02 SB 94 Authorizes Industrial Hemp Research Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 8)
4/23 HB 1326 Ban on Certain Types of Stem Cell Research Veto Override Passed - House (68 - 26)
4/23 HB 1326 Ban on Certain Types of Stem Cell Research Veto Override Failed - Senate (26 - 19)
3/02 HB 2107 Science Instruction Bill Passed - House (77 - 10)
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