Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 15, 2024 AK HB 104 Authorizes Expedited Sales of Timber Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 2)
May 14, 2024 WI SB 139 Establishes a Statewide Wolf Population Goal Veto Override Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
May 14, 2024 WI SB 139 Establishes a Statewide Wolf Population Goal Veto Override Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
Feb. 29, 2024 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 47)
Feb. 29, 2024 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 47)
Jan. 11, 2024 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - House (209 - 198)
Jan. 11, 2024 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - House (209 - 198)
Jan. 4, 2024 VT H 158 Expands the 5-Cent Refund to Water and Sports Drink Bottles and Authorizes a 15-Cent Deposit on Wine Bottles Veto Override Failed - House (112 - 32)
Jan. 8, 2024 WA HB 1012 Requires the Military Department Develop an Extreme Weather Response Grant Program Bill Passed - House (68 - 30)
Jan. 16, 2024 WI SB 791 Establishes Exemptions from Public Utility Regulations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
Jan. 16, 2024 WI SB 791 Establishes Exemptions from Public Utility Regulations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
Jan. 16, 2024 WI SB 792 Establishes a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Across the State of Wisconsin Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
Jan. 22, 2024 WA HB 1589 Prohibits Any New Natural Gas Line Construction in the State Bill Passed - House (52 - 45)
Feb. 3, 2024 NM HB 41 Establishes State Clean Energy Standards Bill Passed - House (36 - 33)
Feb. 15, 2024 National HR 7176 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (224 - 200)
Feb. 13, 2024 SD HB 1231 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Owning Agricultural Land in the State Bill Passed - House (61 - 6)
Feb. 12, 2024 SD HB 1043 Establishes a Lithium Mining Tax Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
Feb. 8, 2024 SD HB 1043 Establishes a Lithium Mining Tax Bill Passed - House (57 - 9)
March 6, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
March 6, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
March 6, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - House (41 - 29)
March 6, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - House (41 - 29)
March 4, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
March 4, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
Feb. 8, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - House (40 - 24)
Feb. 8, 2024 SD HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - House (40 - 24)
Jan. 29, 2024 SD SB 54 Increases Criteria to Qualify for Resident Hunting and Fishing Licenses Bill Passed - House (37 - 29)
Feb. 14, 2024 NM HB 211 Authorizes and Prioritizes Certain Water Projects in the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
Feb. 14, 2024 NM HB 211 Authorizes and Prioritizes Certain Water Projects in the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
Feb. 22, 2024 WI SB 312 Appropriates Funding for Grants to Local Governments and Landowners to Address PFAS Contamination Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Feb. 20, 2024 WI SB 613 Limits Non-Economic Damage Awarded in Lawsuits Involving Commercial Vehicle Accidents to $1 Million Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
Feb. 22, 2024 WY SF 44 Amends Requirements Concerning Commencement of Limited Mining Operations Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
Feb. 19, 2024 WV HB 5006 Amends Recycling Rules for West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
Feb. 13, 2024 WV SB 171 Prohibits County Commissions from Authorizing Limits that Exceed State Law Regarding Agriculture Bill Passed - House (84 - 16)
Feb. 28, 2024 National HR 6544 Atomic Energy Advancement Act Bill Passed - House (365 - 36)
April 3, 2024 IA SF 2391 Prohibits Misbranding of Certain Food Products Bill Passed - House (60 - 34)
Feb. 27, 2024 IA SF 2391 Prohibits Misbranding of Certain Food Products Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
Feb. 23, 2024 CO SB 24-1091 Prohibits the use of Fire-hardened Building Materials in Residential Real Property Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
Feb. 5, 2024 CO SB 24-1091 Prohibits the use of Fire-hardened Building Materials in Residential Real Property Bill Passed - House (49 - 15)
Feb. 26, 2024 AK HB 143 Authorizes New Advanced Recycling Programs Bill Passed - House (23 - 13)
Feb. 27, 2024 ID H 592 Establishes a Program to Compensate Owners of Livestock Killed by Wildlife Bill Passed - House (56 - 12)
March 1, 2024 WA HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
Jan. 29, 2024 WA HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
Feb. 8, 2024 WA HB 1391 Establishes Clean Energy Incentives from the Climate Commitment Act for Construction of New Clean Energy Buildings Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
Feb. 16, 2024 UT HB 363 Establishes Livestock Grazing as a Constitutional Right Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 0)
Feb. 28, 2024 UT SB 211 Appropriates Funding for Construction of New State Water Infrastructure Bill Passed - House (70 - 4)
Feb. 14, 2024 UT SB 211 Appropriates Funding for Construction of New State Water Infrastructure Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 1)
Feb. 29, 2024 CO SB 24-005 Prohibits Landscaping Practices for Water Conservations Purposes Bill Passed - House (48 - 14)
Jan. 31, 2024 CO SB 24-005 Prohibits Landscaping Practices for Water Conservations Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
Jan. 29, 2024 CA SB 768 Repeals Parts of the Environmental Quality Act Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 4)
Feb. 27, 2024 UT HB 48 Amends the Utah Energy Act Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
Feb. 27, 2024 UT HB 48 Amends the Utah Energy Act Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
Feb. 16, 2024 UT HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 4)
Feb. 6, 2024 UT HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
Feb. 23, 2024 UT HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 7)
Feb. 22, 2024 UT HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 5)
Feb. 21, 2024 UT HB 11 Limits the Use of "Nonfunctional" Grass in the Construction of New Government Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - House (59 - 12)
Feb. 20, 2024 UT HB 11 Limits the Use of "Nonfunctional" Grass in the Construction of New Government Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
Jan. 29, 2024 UT HB 62 Authorizes School Curriculum Over the Water Cycle, State Water Use History, and Various Water Systems Bill Passed - House (65 - 8)
March 1, 2024 UT HB 297 Limits the Ability of Local Governments to Regulate Beekeeping Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 0)
March 1, 2024 UT HB 297 Limits the Ability of Local Governments to Regulate Beekeeping Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 0)
March 7, 2024 MO HB 1751 Prohibits New South Kansas City Landfill Proposal Bill Passed - House (112 - 30)
March 14, 2024 AZ SB 1186 Authorizes Specific THC Products Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 9)
March 21, 2024 National H Res 987 Denouncing the harmful, anti-American energy policies of the Biden administration, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (217 - 200)
March 21, 2024 National H Con Res 86 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 196)
March 21, 2024 National H Con Res 86 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 196)
March 21, 2024 National S J Res 62 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service relating to "Importation of Fresh Beef From Paraguay". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (70 - 25)
March 20, 2024 National HR 6009 Restoring American Energy Dominance Act Bill Passed - House (216 - 200)
March 21, 2024 National HR 7023 Creating Confidence in Clean Water Permitting Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 205)
March 4, 2024 OR HB 4102 Appropriates Funding for the Oregon Natural and Working Lands Fund Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
March 22, 2024 National HR 1023 To repeal section 134 of the Clean Air Act, relating to the greenhouse gas reduction fund. Bill Passed - House (209 - 204)
March 26, 2024 KY SB 16 Increases Various Corporate Trespass Laws and Penalties and Limits Whistleblowing Bill Passed - House (72 - 25)
Feb. 15, 2024 KY SB 16 Increases Various Corporate Trespass Laws and Penalties and Limits Whistleblowing Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 6)
March 21, 2024 GA SB 420 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Georgia Bill Passed - House (97 - 67)
Feb. 29, 2024 GA SB 420 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Georgia Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 11)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/15 HB 104 Authorizes Expedited Sales of Timber Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 2)
5/14 SB 139 Establishes a Statewide Wolf Population Goal Veto Override Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
5/14 SB 139 Establishes a Statewide Wolf Population Goal Veto Override Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
2/29 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 47)
2/29 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 47)
1/11 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - House (209 - 198)
1/11 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - House (209 - 198)
1/04 H 158 Expands the 5-Cent Refund to Water and Sports Drink Bottles and Authorizes a 15-Cent Deposit on Wine Bottles Veto Override Failed - House (112 - 32)
1/08 HB 1012 Requires the Military Department Develop an Extreme Weather Response Grant Program Bill Passed - House (68 - 30)
1/16 SB 791 Establishes Exemptions from Public Utility Regulations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
1/16 SB 791 Establishes Exemptions from Public Utility Regulations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
1/16 SB 792 Establishes a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Across the State of Wisconsin Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
1/22 HB 1589 Prohibits Any New Natural Gas Line Construction in the State Bill Passed - House (52 - 45)
2/03 HB 41 Establishes State Clean Energy Standards Bill Passed - House (36 - 33)
2/15 HR 7176 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (224 - 200)
2/13 HB 1231 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Owning Agricultural Land in the State Bill Passed - House (61 - 6)
2/12 HB 1043 Establishes a Lithium Mining Tax Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
2/08 HB 1043 Establishes a Lithium Mining Tax Bill Passed - House (57 - 9)
3/06 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
3/06 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
3/06 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - House (41 - 29)
3/06 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Conference Report Adopted - House (41 - 29)
3/04 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
3/04 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
2/08 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - House (40 - 24)
2/08 HB 1186 Prohibits Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Easement Agreements from Exceeding 50 Years Bill Passed - House (40 - 24)
1/29 SB 54 Increases Criteria to Qualify for Resident Hunting and Fishing Licenses Bill Passed - House (37 - 29)
2/14 HB 211 Authorizes and Prioritizes Certain Water Projects in the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
2/14 HB 211 Authorizes and Prioritizes Certain Water Projects in the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
2/22 SB 312 Appropriates Funding for Grants to Local Governments and Landowners to Address PFAS Contamination Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
2/20 SB 613 Limits Non-Economic Damage Awarded in Lawsuits Involving Commercial Vehicle Accidents to $1 Million Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
2/22 SF 44 Amends Requirements Concerning Commencement of Limited Mining Operations Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
2/19 HB 5006 Amends Recycling Rules for West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
2/13 SB 171 Prohibits County Commissions from Authorizing Limits that Exceed State Law Regarding Agriculture Bill Passed - House (84 - 16)
2/28 HR 6544 Atomic Energy Advancement Act Bill Passed - House (365 - 36)
4/03 SF 2391 Prohibits Misbranding of Certain Food Products Bill Passed - House (60 - 34)
2/27 SF 2391 Prohibits Misbranding of Certain Food Products Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
2/23 SB 24-1091 Prohibits the use of Fire-hardened Building Materials in Residential Real Property Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
2/05 SB 24-1091 Prohibits the use of Fire-hardened Building Materials in Residential Real Property Bill Passed - House (49 - 15)
2/26 HB 143 Authorizes New Advanced Recycling Programs Bill Passed - House (23 - 13)
2/27 H 592 Establishes a Program to Compensate Owners of Livestock Killed by Wildlife Bill Passed - House (56 - 12)
3/01 HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
1/29 HB 1368 Appropriates $80 Million from the Climate Commitment Act for Electric School Bus Purchases Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
2/08 HB 1391 Establishes Clean Energy Incentives from the Climate Commitment Act for Construction of New Clean Energy Buildings Bill Passed - House (58 - 39)
2/16 HB 363 Establishes Livestock Grazing as a Constitutional Right Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 0)
2/28 SB 211 Appropriates Funding for Construction of New State Water Infrastructure Bill Passed - House (70 - 4)
2/14 SB 211 Appropriates Funding for Construction of New State Water Infrastructure Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 1)
2/29 SB 24-005 Prohibits Landscaping Practices for Water Conservations Purposes Bill Passed - House (48 - 14)
1/31 SB 24-005 Prohibits Landscaping Practices for Water Conservations Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
1/29 SB 768 Repeals Parts of the Environmental Quality Act Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 4)
2/27 HB 48 Amends the Utah Energy Act Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
2/27 HB 48 Amends the Utah Energy Act Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
2/16 HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 4)
2/06 HB 191 Amends Various State Energy Regulations Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
2/23 HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 7)
2/22 HB 374 Amends Various State Energy Policies Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 5)
2/21 HB 11 Limits the Use of "Nonfunctional" Grass in the Construction of New Government Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - House (59 - 12)
2/20 HB 11 Limits the Use of "Nonfunctional" Grass in the Construction of New Government Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
1/29 HB 62 Authorizes School Curriculum Over the Water Cycle, State Water Use History, and Various Water Systems Bill Passed - House (65 - 8)
3/01 HB 297 Limits the Ability of Local Governments to Regulate Beekeeping Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 0)
3/01 HB 297 Limits the Ability of Local Governments to Regulate Beekeeping Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 0)
3/07 HB 1751 Prohibits New South Kansas City Landfill Proposal Bill Passed - House (112 - 30)
3/14 SB 1186 Authorizes Specific THC Products Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 9)
3/21 H Res 987 Denouncing the harmful, anti-American energy policies of the Biden administration, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (217 - 200)
3/21 H Con Res 86 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 196)
3/21 H Con Res 86 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 196)
3/21 S J Res 62 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service relating to "Importation of Fresh Beef From Paraguay". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (70 - 25)
3/20 HR 6009 Restoring American Energy Dominance Act Bill Passed - House (216 - 200)
3/21 HR 7023 Creating Confidence in Clean Water Permitting Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 205)
3/04 HB 4102 Appropriates Funding for the Oregon Natural and Working Lands Fund Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
3/22 HR 1023 To repeal section 134 of the Clean Air Act, relating to the greenhouse gas reduction fund. Bill Passed - House (209 - 204)
3/26 SB 16 Increases Various Corporate Trespass Laws and Penalties and Limits Whistleblowing Bill Passed - House (72 - 25)
2/15 SB 16 Increases Various Corporate Trespass Laws and Penalties and Limits Whistleblowing Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 6)
3/21 SB 420 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Georgia Bill Passed - House (97 - 67)
2/29 SB 420 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Georgia Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 11)

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