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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Oct. 21, 1999 National HR 2 Education Funding for Disadvantaged Students-Passage Bill Passed - House (358 - 67)
Sept. 28, 2006 National HR 5825 Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 191)
June 15, 2006 National HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (98 - 1)
June 13, 2006 National HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Conference Report Adopted - House (351 - 67)
May 4, 2006 National HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 21)
March 16, 2006 National HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Bill Passed - House (348 - 71)
Feb. 11, 1994 National HR 3759 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1994 Conference Report Adopted - House (245 - 65)
June 5, 1997 National HR 1469 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (220 - 201)
June 5, 1997 National HR 1469 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (67 - 31)
June 12, 1997 National HR 1871 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 21)
June 12, 1997 National HR 1871 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (348 - 74)
May 20, 1999 National HR 1141 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations-Conference Report Conference Report Adopted - Senate (64 - 36)
May 18, 1999 National HR 1141 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations-Conference Report Conference Report Adopted - House (269 - 158)
May 23, 2006 National S Amdt 4177 Employer Verification Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (59 - 39)
May 17, 2006 National S Amdt 3965 Employment-based Immigrant Visa Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 18, 2003 National HR 2754 Energy and Water Appropriations, FY 2004 bill Conference Report Adopted - House (387 - 36)
Nov. 1, 2001 National HR 2311 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002 Conference Report Adopted - House (399 - 29)
Nov. 1, 2001 National HR 2311 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 2)
Sept. 27, 1999 National HR 2605 Energy FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (327 - 87)
Sept. 28, 1999 National HR 2605 Energy FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 3)
May 18, 2006 National S Amdt 4064 English As National Language Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (62 - 35)
May 18, 2006 National S Amdt 4073 English as Unifying Language Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (58 - 39)
April 10, 2003 National S 151 Enhance AMBER Alert bill Conference Report Adopted - House (400 - 25)
July 12, 1996 National H Amdt 1280 Family Planning Services Clinics Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (232 - 193)
Jan. 28, 2004 National S 1920 Farmer Bankruptcy Bill Bill Passed - House (265 - 99)
Oct. 3, 1996 National HR 3539 Federal Aviation Authorization Act of 1996 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 2)
Sept. 27, 1996 National HR 3539 Federal Aviation Authorization Act of 1996 Conference Report Adopted - House (218 - 198)
Sept. 20, 2006 National HR 4844 Federal Election Integrity Act of 2006 Bill Passed - House (228 - 196)
Nov. 16, 2001 National S 1447 Federalize Aviation Security bill Conference Report Adopted - House (410 - 9)
Aug. 5, 1999 National HR 2488 Financial Freedom Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - House (221 - 206)
Aug. 5, 1999 National HR 2488 Financial Freedom Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 49)
March 31, 1993 National H Con Res 64 Fiscal 1994 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - House (240 - 184)
April 1, 1993 National H Con Res 64 Fiscal 1994 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (55 - 45)
May 25, 1995 National H Con Res 67 Fiscal 1996 Budget Resolution - Adoption Resolution Passed - Senate (57 - 42)
June 27, 2006 National S J Res 12 Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment Resolution Failed - Senate (66 - 34)
June 9, 2006 National HR 5522 Foreign Operations and Export Finance Appropriation Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 34)
Oct. 25, 2000 National HR 4811 Foreign Operations FY 2001 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (65 - 27)
Oct. 25, 2000 National HR 4811 Foreign Operations FY 2001 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (307 - 101)
Dec. 19, 2001 National HR 2506 Foreign Operations FY2002 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (357 - 66)
Sept. 30, 1993 National HR 2295 Foreign Operations FY94 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 11)
Nov. 13, 1997 National HR 2159 Foreign Operations FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (333 - 76)
June 13, 1996 National H Con Res 178 Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (53 - 46)
June 12, 1996 National H Con Res 178 Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - House (216 - 211)
Sept. 24, 1997 National HR 2209 FY 1998 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (309 - 106)
Oct. 8, 1998 National HR 4194 FY 1999 VA-HUD Appropriations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 1)
Oct. 6, 1998 National HR 4194 FY 1999 VA-HUD Appropriations Conference Report Adopted - House (409 - 14)
Oct. 13, 1999 National HR 1906 FY 2000 Agriculture Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 26)
Oct. 1, 1999 National HR 1906 FY 2000 Agriculture Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (240 - 175)
June 16, 2006 National H Res 861 Global War on Terror Resolution Passed - House (256 - 153)
March 23, 1994 National HR 1804 Goals 2000: Educate America Act Conference Report Adopted - House (306 - 121)
Date No. Title Outcome
10/21 HR 2 Education Funding for Disadvantaged Students-Passage Bill Passed - House (358 - 67)
9/28 HR 5825 Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 191)
6/15 HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (98 - 1)
6/13 HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Conference Report Adopted - House (351 - 67)
5/04 HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 21)
3/16 HR 4939 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2006 Bill Passed - House (348 - 71)
2/11 HR 3759 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1994 Conference Report Adopted - House (245 - 65)
6/05 HR 1469 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (220 - 201)
6/05 HR 1469 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (67 - 31)
6/12 HR 1871 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 21)
6/12 HR 1871 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (348 - 74)
5/20 HR 1141 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations-Conference Report Conference Report Adopted - Senate (64 - 36)
5/18 HR 1141 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations-Conference Report Conference Report Adopted - House (269 - 158)
5/23 S Amdt 4177 Employer Verification Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (59 - 39)
5/17 S Amdt 3965 Employment-based Immigrant Visa Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (50 - 48)
11/18 HR 2754 Energy and Water Appropriations, FY 2004 bill Conference Report Adopted - House (387 - 36)
11/01 HR 2311 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002 Conference Report Adopted - House (399 - 29)
11/01 HR 2311 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 2)
9/27 HR 2605 Energy FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (327 - 87)
9/28 HR 2605 Energy FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 3)
5/18 S Amdt 4064 English As National Language Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (62 - 35)
5/18 S Amdt 4073 English as Unifying Language Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (58 - 39)
4/10 S 151 Enhance AMBER Alert bill Conference Report Adopted - House (400 - 25)
7/12 H Amdt 1280 Family Planning Services Clinics Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (232 - 193)
1/28 S 1920 Farmer Bankruptcy Bill Bill Passed - House (265 - 99)
10/03 HR 3539 Federal Aviation Authorization Act of 1996 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 2)
9/27 HR 3539 Federal Aviation Authorization Act of 1996 Conference Report Adopted - House (218 - 198)
9/20 HR 4844 Federal Election Integrity Act of 2006 Bill Passed - House (228 - 196)
11/16 S 1447 Federalize Aviation Security bill Conference Report Adopted - House (410 - 9)
8/05 HR 2488 Financial Freedom Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - House (221 - 206)
8/05 HR 2488 Financial Freedom Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 49)
3/31 H Con Res 64 Fiscal 1994 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - House (240 - 184)
4/01 H Con Res 64 Fiscal 1994 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (55 - 45)
5/25 H Con Res 67 Fiscal 1996 Budget Resolution - Adoption Resolution Passed - Senate (57 - 42)
6/27 S J Res 12 Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment Resolution Failed - Senate (66 - 34)
6/09 HR 5522 Foreign Operations and Export Finance Appropriation Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 34)
10/25 HR 4811 Foreign Operations FY 2001 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (65 - 27)
10/25 HR 4811 Foreign Operations FY 2001 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (307 - 101)
12/19 HR 2506 Foreign Operations FY2002 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (357 - 66)
9/30 HR 2295 Foreign Operations FY94 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 11)
11/13 HR 2159 Foreign Operations FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (333 - 76)
6/13 H Con Res 178 Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (53 - 46)
6/12 H Con Res 178 Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - House (216 - 211)
9/24 HR 2209 FY 1998 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (309 - 106)
10/08 HR 4194 FY 1999 VA-HUD Appropriations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 1)
10/06 HR 4194 FY 1999 VA-HUD Appropriations Conference Report Adopted - House (409 - 14)
10/13 HR 1906 FY 2000 Agriculture Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 26)
10/01 HR 1906 FY 2000 Agriculture Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (240 - 175)
6/16 H Res 861 Global War on Terror Resolution Passed - House (256 - 153)
3/23 HR 1804 Goals 2000: Educate America Act Conference Report Adopted - House (306 - 121)
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