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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 2, 2006 National HR 4297 Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act of 2005 Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 31)
June 21, 2007 National HR 6 Energy Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (65 - 27)
Aug. 1, 2006 National S 3711 Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 Bill Passed - Senate (71 - 25)
March 4, 2015 National S 1 A Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline Veto Override Failed - Senate (62 - 37)
Feb. 17, 2012 National HR 3630 Extends Payroll Tax Cut Conference Report Adopted - Senate (60 - 36)
Dec. 17, 2011 National S Amdt 1465 Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Extension Amendment Adopted - Senate (89 - 10)
March 8, 2012 National S Amdt 1537 Approving the Keystone XL Pipeline Project Amendment Rejected - Senate (56 - 42)
July 29, 2014 National S Amdt 3584 Transportation Empowerment Act Amendment Rejected - Senate (28 - 69)
Jan. 29, 2015 National S 1 A Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline Bill Passed - Senate (62 - 36)
Nov. 18, 2014 National S 2280 A Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline Bill Failed - Senate (59 - 41)
April 28, 2021 National S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 42)
Nov. 28, 2012 National S Amdt 3095 Repeals the Prohibition on Biofuel Refinery Construction Amendment Adopted - Senate (54 - 41)
March 29, 2012 National S 2204 Amends Energy-Related Tax Credits Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Sept. 14, 2010 National S Amdt 4595 Business Transaction Reporting Requirement Amendments Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
June 14, 2011 National S Amdt 436 Repeals the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (40 - 59)
May 18, 2011 National S 953 Offshore Production and Safety Act Motion Rejected - Senate (42 - 57)
May 17, 2011 National S 940 Amending Oil Company Tax Laws Motion Rejected - Senate (52 - 48)
July 23, 2013 NC SB 76 Amends Hydraulic Fracturing Requirements and Authorizes Off-Shore Drilling Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 11)
July 2, 2012 NC SB 820 Authorizes Hydraulic Fracturing Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 13)
May 29, 2014 NC SB 786 Repeals the Moratorium on Hydraulic Fracturing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 12)
Feb. 27, 2013 NC SB 76 Amends Hydraulic Fracturing Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 7)
June 6, 2012 NC SB 820 Authorizes Hydraulic Fracturing Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
Jan. 21, 2011 ND SB 2131 Surface Access Fee for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Bill Failed - Senate (6 - 40)
April 23, 2015 ND HB 1476 Reduces Oil Extraction Tax Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 15)
March 30, 2015 ND HB 1437 Extends Triggered Oil Extraction Tax Rate Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
March 22, 2023 ND HB 1286 Repeals the Higher Tax Rate on Oil Producers when Commodity Prices Rise Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 10)
Feb. 15, 2023 ND SB 2089 Appropriates $7.5 Million to Oil Companies to Reduce Natural Gas Flaring Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
Feb. 26, 2013 ND SB 2336 Restructures Oil and Gas Income Tax Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 13)
April 11, 2012 NE LB 1161 Authorizes Land Study in Nebraska for Keystone XL Pipeline Route Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
Oct. 29, 2018 NJ S 678 Prohibits Disposal of Fracking Waste Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
May 12, 2014 NJ S 1041 Prohibits Hydraulic Fracturing Waste from Being Released Into Environment Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
Feb. 5, 2019 NY S 2316 Prohibits Offshore Drilling Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 14)
March 3, 2021 NY S 4378 Requires Fossil Fuel Plants to Submit a Renewable Energy Plan Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 22)
April 2, 2019 OH HB 62 Increases Gas and Diesel Tax Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 10)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
June 24, 2021 OH HB 201 Prohibits Local Governments from limiting use of Natural Gas Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 7)
June 15, 2011 OH HB 133 Establishes the Oil and Gas Leasing Commission Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 10)
May 1, 2019 OH SB 33 Increases Penalties for Infrastructure Protesting Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 8)
May 15, 2012 OH SB 315 Regulates Practice of Hydraulic Fracturing Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
May 22, 2014 OK HB 2562 Restructures the Tax Rate for Oil and Gas Production Conference Report Adopted - Senate (30 - 14)
Nov. 17, 2017 OK HB 1085 Increases Tax Rates on Oil and Gas Wells Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
March 11, 2015 OK SB 809 Amends Local Municipalities' Ability to Regulate Oil and Gas Production Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 7)
May 29, 2019 OR HB 2623 Establishes Temporary Ban on Fracking Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
June 30, 2019 OR HB 2007 Reduces Number of Diesel Trucks Allowed in Specified Counties Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
May 23, 2017 OR HB 2482 Limits Self-Service Fuel Dispensing to Low-Population Counties Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 1)
Feb. 17, 2015 OR SB 324 Extends Low Carbon Fuel Standards Target Date Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
Feb. 19, 2019 OR SB 256 Prohibits Oil and Gas Exploration In Coastal Waters Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
Feb. 7, 2012 PA HB 1950 Amends Statutes Concerning Oil and Gas Resources Conference Report Adopted - Senate (31 - 19)
Nov. 17, 2020 PA SB 790 Repeals Certain Oil and Gas Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
June 14, 2021 PA SB 119 Prohibits Pennsylvania from Joining the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 15)
Sept. 9, 2020 PA HB 2025 Requires Legislative Authorization Before Entering a State or Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 17)
Jan. 11, 2023 PA SB 35 Repeals the Automatic Gas Tax Increase for 2023 and Permanently Sets the Wholesale Price of Gas at $2.99 Per Gallon Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
April 6, 2022 PA SB 1030 Repeals the Pennsylvania Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Control Program Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
Nov. 15, 2011 PA SB 1100 Regulation of Oil and Natural Gas Resources Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
April 27, 2021 RI S 708 Establishes a Tax Treaty Between the City of East Providence and ExxonMobil Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
March 6, 2024 SD SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
March 10, 2020 SD SB 151 Defines "Critical Infrastructure" and Restructures Associated Crimes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 4)
April 19, 2017 TN HB 534 Establishes Gas Tax Increase Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
March 24, 2022 TN SB 2077 Prohibits Local Governments from Restricting Energy Sources Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 7)
May 22, 2023 TX HB 33 Establishes the State of Texas as a Sanctuary State for Oil and Gas Companies Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
May 24, 2023 TX HB 5 Establishes Economic Incentives for Oil and Gas Companies Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
May 4, 2015 TX HB 40 Specifies That The State Will Regulate Oil and Gas Operations Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
March 12, 2015 UT HB 362 Amends Motor Fuel Tax Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 8)
Feb. 28, 2011 UT SB 270 Modifications to Sales and Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
Feb. 23, 2013 VA HB 2313 Repeals the Retail Gas Tax and Establishes a Wholesale Gas Tax Conference Report Adopted - Senate (25 - 15)
Feb. 13, 2013 VA HB 2313 Repeals the Retail Gas Tax and Establishes a Wholesale Gas Tax Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 14)
March 30, 2023 VT S 42 Requires State Pension Funds Divest from the Fossil Fuel Industry Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
March 10, 2022 WA SB 5974 Establishes the State Goal of Stopping Gas-Powered Vehicle Production by 2030 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (29 - 20)
April 12, 2019 WA HB 1578 Requires Tug Boat Escorts for Certain Oil Barges Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 13)
March 2, 2015 WA SB 5987 Increases Gas Tax and Amends Transportation Funding Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
March 9, 2022 WV SB 694 Amends Oil and Gas Drilling Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 8)
March 14, 2015 WV HB 2688 Authorizes Petroleum Drilling Without Consent of all Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
March 2, 2016 WV SB 705 Reduces Severance Tax Rate on Oil, Natural Gas and Coal Production Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
Feb. 23, 2022 WV SB 650 Repeals Restriction on Fossil Fuel Development Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
Jan. 27, 2022 WV SB 262 Prohibits State Banking Contracts with Fossil-Fuel Divesting Companies Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 2)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/02 HR 4297 Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act of 2005 Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 31)
6/21 HR 6 Energy Act of 2007 Bill Passed - Senate (65 - 27)
8/01 S 3711 Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 Bill Passed - Senate (71 - 25)
3/04 S 1 A Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline Veto Override Failed - Senate (62 - 37)
2/17 HR 3630 Extends Payroll Tax Cut Conference Report Adopted - Senate (60 - 36)
12/17 S Amdt 1465 Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Extension Amendment Adopted - Senate (89 - 10)
3/08 S Amdt 1537 Approving the Keystone XL Pipeline Project Amendment Rejected - Senate (56 - 42)
7/29 S Amdt 3584 Transportation Empowerment Act Amendment Rejected - Senate (28 - 69)
1/29 S 1 A Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline Bill Passed - Senate (62 - 36)
11/18 S 2280 A Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline Bill Failed - Senate (59 - 41)
4/28 S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 42)
11/28 S Amdt 3095 Repeals the Prohibition on Biofuel Refinery Construction Amendment Adopted - Senate (54 - 41)
3/29 S 2204 Amends Energy-Related Tax Credits Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
9/14 S Amdt 4595 Business Transaction Reporting Requirement Amendments Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
6/14 S Amdt 436 Repeals the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (40 - 59)
5/18 S 953 Offshore Production and Safety Act Motion Rejected - Senate (42 - 57)
5/17 S 940 Amending Oil Company Tax Laws Motion Rejected - Senate (52 - 48)
7/23 SB 76 Amends Hydraulic Fracturing Requirements and Authorizes Off-Shore Drilling Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 11)
7/02 SB 820 Authorizes Hydraulic Fracturing Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 13)
5/29 SB 786 Repeals the Moratorium on Hydraulic Fracturing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 12)
2/27 SB 76 Amends Hydraulic Fracturing Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 7)
6/06 SB 820 Authorizes Hydraulic Fracturing Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
1/21 SB 2131 Surface Access Fee for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Bill Failed - Senate (6 - 40)
4/23 HB 1476 Reduces Oil Extraction Tax Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 15)
3/30 HB 1437 Extends Triggered Oil Extraction Tax Rate Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
3/22 HB 1286 Repeals the Higher Tax Rate on Oil Producers when Commodity Prices Rise Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 10)
2/15 SB 2089 Appropriates $7.5 Million to Oil Companies to Reduce Natural Gas Flaring Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
2/26 SB 2336 Restructures Oil and Gas Income Tax Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 13)
4/11 LB 1161 Authorizes Land Study in Nebraska for Keystone XL Pipeline Route Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
10/29 S 678 Prohibits Disposal of Fracking Waste Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
5/12 S 1041 Prohibits Hydraulic Fracturing Waste from Being Released Into Environment Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
2/05 S 2316 Prohibits Offshore Drilling Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 14)
3/03 S 4378 Requires Fossil Fuel Plants to Submit a Renewable Energy Plan Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 22)
4/02 HB 62 Increases Gas and Diesel Tax Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 10)
12/13 HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
6/24 HB 201 Prohibits Local Governments from limiting use of Natural Gas Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 7)
6/15 HB 133 Establishes the Oil and Gas Leasing Commission Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 10)
5/01 SB 33 Increases Penalties for Infrastructure Protesting Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 8)
5/15 SB 315 Regulates Practice of Hydraulic Fracturing Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
5/22 HB 2562 Restructures the Tax Rate for Oil and Gas Production Conference Report Adopted - Senate (30 - 14)
11/17 HB 1085 Increases Tax Rates on Oil and Gas Wells Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
3/11 SB 809 Amends Local Municipalities' Ability to Regulate Oil and Gas Production Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 7)
5/29 HB 2623 Establishes Temporary Ban on Fracking Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
6/30 HB 2007 Reduces Number of Diesel Trucks Allowed in Specified Counties Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
5/23 HB 2482 Limits Self-Service Fuel Dispensing to Low-Population Counties Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 1)
2/17 SB 324 Extends Low Carbon Fuel Standards Target Date Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
2/19 SB 256 Prohibits Oil and Gas Exploration In Coastal Waters Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
2/07 HB 1950 Amends Statutes Concerning Oil and Gas Resources Conference Report Adopted - Senate (31 - 19)
11/17 SB 790 Repeals Certain Oil and Gas Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
6/14 SB 119 Prohibits Pennsylvania from Joining the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 15)
9/09 HB 2025 Requires Legislative Authorization Before Entering a State or Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 17)
1/11 SB 35 Repeals the Automatic Gas Tax Increase for 2023 and Permanently Sets the Wholesale Price of Gas at $2.99 Per Gallon Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
4/06 SB 1030 Repeals the Pennsylvania Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Control Program Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
11/15 SB 1100 Regulation of Oil and Natural Gas Resources Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
4/27 S 708 Establishes a Tax Treaty Between the City of East Providence and ExxonMobil Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
3/06 SB 201 Amends State Regulations on Pipeline Transmission Infrastructure Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 10)
3/10 SB 151 Defines "Critical Infrastructure" and Restructures Associated Crimes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 4)
4/19 HB 534 Establishes Gas Tax Increase Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
3/24 SB 2077 Prohibits Local Governments from Restricting Energy Sources Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 7)
5/22 HB 33 Establishes the State of Texas as a Sanctuary State for Oil and Gas Companies Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
5/24 HB 5 Establishes Economic Incentives for Oil and Gas Companies Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
5/04 HB 40 Specifies That The State Will Regulate Oil and Gas Operations Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
3/12 HB 362 Amends Motor Fuel Tax Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 8)
2/28 SB 270 Modifications to Sales and Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
2/23 HB 2313 Repeals the Retail Gas Tax and Establishes a Wholesale Gas Tax Conference Report Adopted - Senate (25 - 15)
2/13 HB 2313 Repeals the Retail Gas Tax and Establishes a Wholesale Gas Tax Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 14)
3/30 S 42 Requires State Pension Funds Divest from the Fossil Fuel Industry Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
3/10 SB 5974 Establishes the State Goal of Stopping Gas-Powered Vehicle Production by 2030 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (29 - 20)
4/12 HB 1578 Requires Tug Boat Escorts for Certain Oil Barges Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 13)
3/02 SB 5987 Increases Gas Tax and Amends Transportation Funding Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
3/09 SB 694 Amends Oil and Gas Drilling Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 8)
3/14 HB 2688 Authorizes Petroleum Drilling Without Consent of all Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
3/02 SB 705 Reduces Severance Tax Rate on Oil, Natural Gas and Coal Production Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
2/23 SB 650 Repeals Restriction on Fossil Fuel Development Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
1/27 SB 262 Prohibits State Banking Contracts with Fossil-Fuel Divesting Companies Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 2)
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