Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 25, 2006 MA H 4479 Health Care Access & Affordability Bill Section 112 Veto Override Passed - House (137 - 19)
March 20, 1996 National H Amdt 969 Denying Public Education to Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Adopted - House (257 - 163)
March 27, 2008 KS Carlson Amnd. Employment Eligibility Verification Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (86 - 36)
May 7, 2008 SC Amendment No. 8A Requiring Employers to Verify Immigration the Status of Their Employees Amendment Adopted - House (80 - 33)
June 28, 2006 PA A7999 to HB 1959 English as Official Language Amendment Adopted - House (122 - 70)
March 20, 1996 National H Amdt 974 Immigrant English Proficiency Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (210 - 207)
May 8, 2008 National H Amdt 1045 Undocumented Immigrants' Ineligibility for Certain Financial Assistance Amendment Adopted - House (391 - 33)
March 7, 2006 KS Amend HB 2615 In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (63 - 58)
July 22, 1994 National H Amdt 778 Prohibiting Benefits to Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Adopted - House (220 - 176)
May 5, 2005 National HR 1268 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 Conference Report Adopted - House (368 - 58)
April 18, 1996 National S 735 Comprehensive Terrorism Prevention Act Conference Report Adopted - House (293 - 133)
May 25, 2006 AZ HB 2577 Immigration Law; Employment; Enforcement Conference Report Adopted - House (33 - 22)
April 13, 2009 MD HB 387 "Lawful Status" Requirements for ID Cards, Vehicle Licenses and Permits Conference Report Adopted - House (76 - 60)
June 20, 2007 AZ HB 2779 Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Conference Report Adopted - House (47 - 11)
March 28, 2006 GA CCS SB 529 Georgia Security and Immigration Compliance Act Conference Report Adopted - House (119 - 49)
May 16, 2008 MO HB 1549, 1771, 1395, 2366 Undocumented Immigrants Conference Report Adopted - House (136 - 12)
Sept. 25, 1996 National HR 2202 Immigration Reform bill Conference Report Adopted - House (305 - 123)
May 5, 2008 CO HB 1325 Seasonal Foreign Worker Pilot Program Concurrence Vote Passed - House (47 - 17)
April 4, 2008 GA HB 978 Vehicle Seizures for Unlicensed Drivers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (115 - 44)
Feb. 14, 2008 MI HB 4505 Changes to Driver's License Eligibility Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 5)
May 29, 2008 SC H 4400 Immigration Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - House (94 - 16)
July 10, 2006 CO HB 1017 Employer Verification of Employee Work Status Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (45 - 18)
April 3, 2009 GA HB 2 Citizenship Status Verification of Government Assistance Recipients Concurrence Vote Passed - House (121 - 47)
April 29, 2008 RI H 7107 Employment Verification Program Bill Passed - House (52 - 17)
April 9, 2008 AZ SB 1096 English Language Education Funding Bill Passed - House (37 - 23)
April 23, 2007 AZ SB 1132 Volunteer Homeland Security Force Bill Passed - House (34 - 21)
Aug. 29, 2008 CA SB 60 Expanding Driver's License Eligibility Bill Passed - House (41 - 31)
March 18, 2008 CO SB 139 Undocumented Immigrant Hiring Ban Notification Bill Passed - House (52 - 12)
May 13, 2008 LA HB 1357 Harboring of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (77 - 18)
Feb. 8, 2007 MS HB 1144 Out-of-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (84 - 33)
April 19, 2007 MN SF 1989 2008-2009 Higher Education Budget Bill Passed - House (95 - 37)
April 23, 2008 OK SB 163 English as the Official Language Bill Passed - House (70 - 28)
May 17, 2007 CT HB 5656 Immigrants and Postsecondary Education Act Bill Passed - House (76 - 67)
March 3, 2008 UT SB 81 Expanding Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (56 - 15)
May 18, 2005 National HR 1817 Homeland Security Department Authorization Act FY06 Bill Passed - House (424 - 4)
Feb. 16, 2007 VA Sub SB 1204 In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (81 - 16)
March 15, 2007 AZ HB 2779 Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (46 - 13)
April 25, 2007 FL CS HB 7189 Kidcare Eligibility Expansion Bill Passed - House (98 - 14)
Dec. 16, 2005 National HR 4437 Border Security Bill Bill Passed - House (239 - 182)
March 21, 1996 National HR 2202 Immigration Reform bill Bill Passed - House (333 - 87)
May 1, 2007 OK SCS HB 1804 Immigration Reform Bill Passed - House (84 - 14)
Sept. 14, 2006 National HR 6061 Secure Fence Act of 2006 Bill Passed - House (283 - 138)
March 19, 2007 ID S 1172 English as the Official Language Bill Passed - House (46 - 20)
March 28, 2007 IL HB 1100 Driver's Certificates for Non-Citizens Bill Passed - House (60 - 56)
April 5, 2007 AZ HB 2467 Proof of Residency for Business Licensing Bill Passed - House (31 - 22)
Sept. 24, 1998 National HR 3736 Nonimmigrant Specialty Workers bill Bill Passed - House (288 - 133)
Feb. 1, 2007 VA Sub HB 2623 Denying In-State Tuition to Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (74 - 23)
March 1, 2007 MO HB 269 College Admission of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (120 - 35)
March 7, 2007 OK HCS HB 1734 Photo Identification Voting Requirement Bill Passed - House (58 - 38)
Sept. 21, 2006 National HR 6095 Immigration Law Enforcement Act of 2006 Bill Passed - House (277 - 140)
March 23, 2007 MD HB 6 Resident Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (81 - 57)
March 20, 2008 GA SB 350 Increasing Penalties for Driving Without a License Bill Passed - House (99 - 68)
Feb. 11, 2008 UT HB 239 Driver's License Requirements Bill Passed - House (39 - 35)
Feb. 12, 2008 UT HB 241 Restricting In-State Tuition Eligibility Bill Passed - House (40 - 35)
Jan. 31, 2008 SC H 4400 Immigration Bill Bill Passed - House (80 - 13)
Feb. 1, 2008 UT HB 237 Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (44 - 25)
Feb. 28, 2008 GA HB 978 Vehicle Seizures for Undocumented Immigrant Traffic Violations Bill Passed - House (104 - 51)
Feb. 4, 2008 ID H 366 Driver's License Residency Requirement Bill Passed - House (47 - 21)
Feb. 25, 2008 WY HB 145 Restricting Benefits for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (40 - 18)
Feb. 28, 2008 IN SB 345 Penalties for Employers of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (66 - 33)
March 5, 2008 MS SB 2988 Prohibiting Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (112 - 8)
April 16, 2008 IA HF 2686 Employee Identification Verification Bill Passed - House (84 - 16)
April 1, 2008 AZ HB 2745 Amending Undocumented Immigrant Employment Sanctions Bill Passed - House (41 - 16)
March 3, 2008 AZ HB 2359 County Sheriff and Border Patrol Collaboration Bill Passed - House (33 - 27)
April 22, 2008 CO HB 1325 Seasonal Foreign Worker Pilot Program Bill Passed - House (46 - 18)
May 22, 2008 OH HB 477 English Language for State Business Bill Passed - House (54 - 42)
May 13, 2008 LA HB 1358 Transporting Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (70 - 17)
May 13, 2008 LA HB 25 Verification of Citizenship or Immigration Status Bill Passed - House (83 - 11)
May 29, 2008 CA AB 2076 Prohibiting E-verify Bill Passed - House (43 - 31)
April 25, 2008 RI H 7204 2007-2008 Budget Amendments Bill Passed - House (60 - 12)
Aug. 31, 2008 CA SB 1301 Extending Student Financial Aid Eligibility Bill Passed - House (46 - 29)
Aug. 1, 1996 National HR 123 English as the National Language Bill Passed - House (259 - 169)
May 12, 2009 RI H 5143 E-Verify Bill Bill Passed - House (38 - 33)
March 9, 2009 UT HB 171 Extending CHIP and Medicaid Coverage to Children of Documented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (50 - 23)
March 11, 2009 OK HJR 1042 English as Official State Language Joint Resolution Passed - House (66 - 32)
June 1, 2009 ME LD 1357 Relating to Driver's License and Identification Card Regulations Bill Passed - House (81 - 56)
Feb. 10, 2005 National HR 418 Real ID Act of 2005 Bill Passed - House (261 - 161)
Feb. 21, 2007 KS HB 2140 English as the Official Language Bill Passed - House (114 - 7)
June 8, 2010 PA HB 1502 Verification of Employee Eligibility Bill Passed - House (188 - 6)
May 24, 2010 TN HJR 1253 Resolution Recognizing Arizona Statehood and New Immigration Policy Joint Resolution Passed - House (67 - 27)
May 19, 1993 National H Amdt 62 Citizens/Legal Residents Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (288 - 127)
April 24, 2007 TX HB 218 Voter Identification Requirement Bill Passed - House (76 - 69)
March 8, 2007 AZ HB 2589 Labor Solicitation and Criminal Trespass Bill Passed - House (35 - 23)
March 14, 2006 OK HCS HB 3119 Voter ID, Repealing Tuition Assistance, and Reporting of Illegal Immigrants Bill Passed - House (63 - 24)
May 4, 2006 WI SB 567 Limit Public Assistance to Citizens or Legal Residents of the United States Bill Passed - House (51 - 42)
Feb. 28, 2011 UT HB 191 Nonresident Tuition Waiver Amendments Bill Passed - House (44 - 28)
Feb. 1, 2006 NH HB 345 Photo ID for Voting Bill Passed - House (211 - 149)
Aug. 1, 2007 National HR 3162 State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Reauthorization Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
Feb. 14, 2006 VA Sub HB 1048 Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (77 - 22)
Feb. 2, 2006 VA HB 1050 In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 23)
Feb. 2, 2006 VA Sub HB 262 College Admission for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (67 - 33)
March 9, 2006 AZ HB 2577 Immigration Policy; Forgery; Employment; Licensing Bill Passed - House (35 - 20)
April 20, 2006 MO HB 1864 College Admission of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (119 - 30)
March 21, 2006 OH HCR 36 Apportioning U.S. House Seats Resolution Passed - House (71 - 23)
April 6, 2006 AZ SB 1273 Border Radar Lease Appropriation Bill Passed - House (38 - 19)
Jan. 24, 2006 AZ HB 2002 English Language Learners; Structured English Immersion Models; Budget Requests Bill Passed - House (33 - 23)
April 27, 2006 MO HCS HB 1814 English as the State’s Official Language Bill Passed - House (122 - 30)
April 24, 2006 TX HB 3 Business Tax Revisions Bill Passed - House (80 - 68)
May 5, 2006 CO SB 234 Public Construction Bidding Act Bill Passed - House (36 - 29)
Feb. 22, 2011 KS HB 2006 Prohibiting Undocumented Immigrants from Receiving In-State Tuition Rates Bill Passed - House (72 - 50)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/25 H 4479 Health Care Access & Affordability Bill Section 112 Veto Override Passed - House (137 - 19)
3/20 H Amdt 969 Denying Public Education to Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Adopted - House (257 - 163)
3/27 Carlson Amnd. Employment Eligibility Verification Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (86 - 36)
5/07 Amendment No. 8A Requiring Employers to Verify Immigration the Status of Their Employees Amendment Adopted - House (80 - 33)
6/28 A7999 to HB 1959 English as Official Language Amendment Adopted - House (122 - 70)
3/20 H Amdt 974 Immigrant English Proficiency Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (210 - 207)
5/08 H Amdt 1045 Undocumented Immigrants' Ineligibility for Certain Financial Assistance Amendment Adopted - House (391 - 33)
3/07 Amend HB 2615 In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (63 - 58)
7/22 H Amdt 778 Prohibiting Benefits to Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Adopted - House (220 - 176)
5/05 HR 1268 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 Conference Report Adopted - House (368 - 58)
4/18 S 735 Comprehensive Terrorism Prevention Act Conference Report Adopted - House (293 - 133)
5/25 HB 2577 Immigration Law; Employment; Enforcement Conference Report Adopted - House (33 - 22)
4/13 HB 387 "Lawful Status" Requirements for ID Cards, Vehicle Licenses and Permits Conference Report Adopted - House (76 - 60)
6/20 HB 2779 Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Conference Report Adopted - House (47 - 11)
3/28 CCS SB 529 Georgia Security and Immigration Compliance Act Conference Report Adopted - House (119 - 49)
5/16 HB 1549, 1771, 1395, 2366 Undocumented Immigrants Conference Report Adopted - House (136 - 12)
9/25 HR 2202 Immigration Reform bill Conference Report Adopted - House (305 - 123)
5/05 HB 1325 Seasonal Foreign Worker Pilot Program Concurrence Vote Passed - House (47 - 17)
4/04 HB 978 Vehicle Seizures for Unlicensed Drivers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (115 - 44)
2/14 HB 4505 Changes to Driver's License Eligibility Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 5)
5/29 H 4400 Immigration Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - House (94 - 16)
7/10 HB 1017 Employer Verification of Employee Work Status Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (45 - 18)
4/03 HB 2 Citizenship Status Verification of Government Assistance Recipients Concurrence Vote Passed - House (121 - 47)
4/29 H 7107 Employment Verification Program Bill Passed - House (52 - 17)
4/09 SB 1096 English Language Education Funding Bill Passed - House (37 - 23)
4/23 SB 1132 Volunteer Homeland Security Force Bill Passed - House (34 - 21)
8/29 SB 60 Expanding Driver's License Eligibility Bill Passed - House (41 - 31)
3/18 SB 139 Undocumented Immigrant Hiring Ban Notification Bill Passed - House (52 - 12)
5/13 HB 1357 Harboring of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (77 - 18)
2/08 HB 1144 Out-of-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (84 - 33)
4/19 SF 1989 2008-2009 Higher Education Budget Bill Passed - House (95 - 37)
4/23 SB 163 English as the Official Language Bill Passed - House (70 - 28)
5/17 HB 5656 Immigrants and Postsecondary Education Act Bill Passed - House (76 - 67)
3/03 SB 81 Expanding Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (56 - 15)
5/18 HR 1817 Homeland Security Department Authorization Act FY06 Bill Passed - House (424 - 4)
2/16 Sub SB 1204 In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (81 - 16)
3/15 HB 2779 Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (46 - 13)
4/25 CS HB 7189 Kidcare Eligibility Expansion Bill Passed - House (98 - 14)
12/16 HR 4437 Border Security Bill Bill Passed - House (239 - 182)
3/21 HR 2202 Immigration Reform bill Bill Passed - House (333 - 87)
5/01 SCS HB 1804 Immigration Reform Bill Passed - House (84 - 14)
9/14 HR 6061 Secure Fence Act of 2006 Bill Passed - House (283 - 138)
3/19 S 1172 English as the Official Language Bill Passed - House (46 - 20)
3/28 HB 1100 Driver's Certificates for Non-Citizens Bill Passed - House (60 - 56)
4/05 HB 2467 Proof of Residency for Business Licensing Bill Passed - House (31 - 22)
9/24 HR 3736 Nonimmigrant Specialty Workers bill Bill Passed - House (288 - 133)
2/01 Sub HB 2623 Denying In-State Tuition to Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (74 - 23)
3/01 HB 269 College Admission of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (120 - 35)
3/07 HCS HB 1734 Photo Identification Voting Requirement Bill Passed - House (58 - 38)
9/21 HR 6095 Immigration Law Enforcement Act of 2006 Bill Passed - House (277 - 140)
3/23 HB 6 Resident Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (81 - 57)
3/20 SB 350 Increasing Penalties for Driving Without a License Bill Passed - House (99 - 68)
2/11 HB 239 Driver's License Requirements Bill Passed - House (39 - 35)
2/12 HB 241 Restricting In-State Tuition Eligibility Bill Passed - House (40 - 35)
1/31 H 4400 Immigration Bill Bill Passed - House (80 - 13)
2/01 HB 237 Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (44 - 25)
2/28 HB 978 Vehicle Seizures for Undocumented Immigrant Traffic Violations Bill Passed - House (104 - 51)
2/04 H 366 Driver's License Residency Requirement Bill Passed - House (47 - 21)
2/25 HB 145 Restricting Benefits for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (40 - 18)
2/28 SB 345 Penalties for Employers of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (66 - 33)
3/05 SB 2988 Prohibiting Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (112 - 8)
4/16 HF 2686 Employee Identification Verification Bill Passed - House (84 - 16)
4/01 HB 2745 Amending Undocumented Immigrant Employment Sanctions Bill Passed - House (41 - 16)
3/03 HB 2359 County Sheriff and Border Patrol Collaboration Bill Passed - House (33 - 27)
4/22 HB 1325 Seasonal Foreign Worker Pilot Program Bill Passed - House (46 - 18)
5/22 HB 477 English Language for State Business Bill Passed - House (54 - 42)
5/13 HB 1358 Transporting Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (70 - 17)
5/13 HB 25 Verification of Citizenship or Immigration Status Bill Passed - House (83 - 11)
5/29 AB 2076 Prohibiting E-verify Bill Passed - House (43 - 31)
4/25 H 7204 2007-2008 Budget Amendments Bill Passed - House (60 - 12)
8/31 SB 1301 Extending Student Financial Aid Eligibility Bill Passed - House (46 - 29)
8/01 HR 123 English as the National Language Bill Passed - House (259 - 169)
5/12 H 5143 E-Verify Bill Bill Passed - House (38 - 33)
3/09 HB 171 Extending CHIP and Medicaid Coverage to Children of Documented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (50 - 23)
3/11 HJR 1042 English as Official State Language Joint Resolution Passed - House (66 - 32)
6/01 LD 1357 Relating to Driver's License and Identification Card Regulations Bill Passed - House (81 - 56)
2/10 HR 418 Real ID Act of 2005 Bill Passed - House (261 - 161)
2/21 HB 2140 English as the Official Language Bill Passed - House (114 - 7)
6/08 HB 1502 Verification of Employee Eligibility Bill Passed - House (188 - 6)
5/24 HJR 1253 Resolution Recognizing Arizona Statehood and New Immigration Policy Joint Resolution Passed - House (67 - 27)
5/19 H Amdt 62 Citizens/Legal Residents Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (288 - 127)
4/24 HB 218 Voter Identification Requirement Bill Passed - House (76 - 69)
3/08 HB 2589 Labor Solicitation and Criminal Trespass Bill Passed - House (35 - 23)
3/14 HCS HB 3119 Voter ID, Repealing Tuition Assistance, and Reporting of Illegal Immigrants Bill Passed - House (63 - 24)
5/04 SB 567 Limit Public Assistance to Citizens or Legal Residents of the United States Bill Passed - House (51 - 42)
2/28 HB 191 Nonresident Tuition Waiver Amendments Bill Passed - House (44 - 28)
2/01 HB 345 Photo ID for Voting Bill Passed - House (211 - 149)
8/01 HR 3162 State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Reauthorization Bill Passed - House (225 - 204)
2/14 Sub HB 1048 Employment of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (77 - 22)
2/02 HB 1050 In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 23)
2/02 Sub HB 262 College Admission for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (67 - 33)
3/09 HB 2577 Immigration Policy; Forgery; Employment; Licensing Bill Passed - House (35 - 20)
4/20 HB 1864 College Admission of Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (119 - 30)
3/21 HCR 36 Apportioning U.S. House Seats Resolution Passed - House (71 - 23)
4/06 SB 1273 Border Radar Lease Appropriation Bill Passed - House (38 - 19)
1/24 HB 2002 English Language Learners; Structured English Immersion Models; Budget Requests Bill Passed - House (33 - 23)
4/27 HCS HB 1814 English as the State’s Official Language Bill Passed - House (122 - 30)
4/24 HB 3 Business Tax Revisions Bill Passed - House (80 - 68)
5/05 SB 234 Public Construction Bidding Act Bill Passed - House (36 - 29)
2/22 HB 2006 Prohibiting Undocumented Immigrants from Receiving In-State Tuition Rates Bill Passed - House (72 - 50)

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