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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 9, 2023 National H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - House (227 - 198)
March 1, 2023 National H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
Feb. 28, 2023 National H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 204)
Dec. 15, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (83 - 11)
Dec. 15, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (83 - 11)
Dec. 12, 2022 National S 1466 Saline Lake Ecosystems in the Great Basin States Program Act Bill Passed - House (356 - 56)
Nov. 14, 2022 National HR 5441 PAST Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (304 - 111)
Sept. 19, 2022 National HR 1456 Peace Corps Reauthorization Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (290 - 125)
Aug. 12, 2022 National HR 5376 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (220 - 207)
Aug. 7, 2022 National HR 5376 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 50)
Aug. 4, 2022 National S J Res 55 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Council on Environmental Quality relating to National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Regulations Revisions. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 47)
July 29, 2022 National HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
July 29, 2022 National HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
July 29, 2022 National HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
July 29, 2022 National HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
July 28, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
July 28, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
June 16, 2022 National HR 7606 Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (221 - 204)
June 14, 2022 National HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
June 14, 2022 National HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
April 7, 2022 National HR 3807 Restaurant Revitalization Fund Replenishment Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (223 - 203)
March 15, 2022 National S 623 Sunshine Protection Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (100 - 0)
March 9, 2022 National HR 6968 Suspending Energy Imports from Russia Act Bill Passed - House (414 - 17)
Nov. 19, 2021 National HR 5376 Build Back Better Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 213)
July 21, 2021 National HR 2467 PFAS Action Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (241 - 183)
June 25, 2021 National S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 191)
June 24, 2021 National S 1251 Growing Climate Solutions Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
June 16, 2021 National HR 1187 ESG Disclosure Simplification Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
April 28, 2021 National S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 42)
March 18, 2021 National HR 1603 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (247 - 174)
March 15, 2021 National PN 78-11 Nomination of Debra Haaland as Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 40)
March 10, 2021 National PN 78-16 Nomination of Michael Regan as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 34)
Feb. 25, 2021 National PN 78-8 Nomination of Jennifer Granholm as Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (64 - 35)
Feb. 23, 2021 National PN 78-22 Nomination of Thomas J. Vilsack as Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (92 - 7)
Dec. 3, 2020 National HR 1380 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 114)
Sept. 24, 2020 National HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
Sept. 24, 2020 National HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
July 22, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
July 22, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
June 17, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
June 17, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
Feb. 12, 2020 National HR 2546 Protecting Americas Wilderness Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 183)
Jan. 10, 2020 National HR 535 PFAS Action Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 159)
Dec. 11, 2019 National HR 5038 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (260 - 165)
Dec. 2, 2019 National PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (70 - 15)
Nov. 21, 2019 National PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (74 - 18)
Oct. 31, 2019 National HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
Oct. 31, 2019 National HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
Oct. 17, 2019 National S J Res 53 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Repeal of the Clean Power Plan; Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Existing Electric Utility Generating Units; Revisions to Emission Guidelines Implementing Regulations" Bill Failed - Senate (41 - 53)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/29 H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/09 H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - House (227 - 198)
3/01 H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
2/28 H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 204)
12/15 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (83 - 11)
12/15 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (83 - 11)
12/12 S 1466 Saline Lake Ecosystems in the Great Basin States Program Act Bill Passed - House (356 - 56)
11/14 HR 5441 PAST Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (304 - 111)
9/19 HR 1456 Peace Corps Reauthorization Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (290 - 125)
8/12 HR 5376 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (220 - 207)
8/07 HR 5376 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 50)
8/04 S J Res 55 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Council on Environmental Quality relating to National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Regulations Revisions. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 47)
7/29 HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
7/29 HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
7/29 HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
7/29 HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
7/28 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
7/28 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
6/16 HR 7606 Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (221 - 204)
6/14 HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
6/14 HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
4/07 HR 3807 Restaurant Revitalization Fund Replenishment Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (223 - 203)
3/15 S 623 Sunshine Protection Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (100 - 0)
3/09 HR 6968 Suspending Energy Imports from Russia Act Bill Passed - House (414 - 17)
11/19 HR 5376 Build Back Better Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 213)
7/21 HR 2467 PFAS Action Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (241 - 183)
6/25 S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 191)
6/24 S 1251 Growing Climate Solutions Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
6/16 HR 1187 ESG Disclosure Simplification Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
4/28 S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 42)
3/18 HR 1603 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (247 - 174)
3/15 PN 78-11 Nomination of Debra Haaland as Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 40)
3/10 PN 78-16 Nomination of Michael Regan as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 34)
2/25 PN 78-8 Nomination of Jennifer Granholm as Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (64 - 35)
2/23 PN 78-22 Nomination of Thomas J. Vilsack as Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (92 - 7)
12/03 HR 1380 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 114)
9/24 HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
9/24 HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
7/22 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
7/22 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
6/17 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
6/17 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
2/12 HR 2546 Protecting Americas Wilderness Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 183)
1/10 HR 535 PFAS Action Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 159)
12/11 HR 5038 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (260 - 165)
12/02 PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (70 - 15)
11/21 PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (74 - 18)
10/31 HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
10/31 HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
10/17 S J Res 53 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Repeal of the Clean Power Plan; Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Existing Electric Utility Generating Units; Revisions to Emission Guidelines Implementing Regulations" Bill Failed - Senate (41 - 53)
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