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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 18, 2023 LA HB 125 Prohibits Chinese Nationals and Other Foreign Adversaries from Owning Land in the State Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 25)
Dec. 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - House (310 - 118)
Feb. 24, 2023 VA SB 1188 Classifies Fentanyl as a "Weapons of Terrorism" and a Class 4 Felony Conference Report Adopted - House (50 - 42)
May 25, 2023 OK SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - House (77 - 18)
May 25, 2023 OK SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 5)
Dec. 13, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
Feb. 25, 2023 VA SB 1188 Classifies Fentanyl as a "Weapons of Terrorism" and a Class 4 Felony Conference Report Adopted - Senate (35 - 5)
June 6, 2023 LA HB 537 Prohibits the Chinese Government and its Citizens from Purchasing Agricultural Land in the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 26)
May 19, 2023 OK SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 6)
March 2, 2023 WV HB 3307 Establishing the West Virginia-Ireland Trade Commission Concurrence Vote Passed - House (87 - 10)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 382 Requires State Departments Take Reasonable Steps to Help Michigan Residents with Limited English Proficiency Access to State Services Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 13)
May 19, 2023 IL HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 7)
April 11, 2023 ND HB 1135 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (90 - 1)
April 17, 2023 ND SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
Nov. 14, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
Nov. 14, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
Dec. 12, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SB 166 Amends Punitive Articles for the Wisconsin Code of Military Justice Concurrence Vote Passed - House (92 - 5)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
April 6, 2023 ND SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
March 30, 2023 ID H 173 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Idaho Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 9)
June 5, 2023 LA HB 182 Prohibits Public and Private Schools from Requiring the COVID-19 Vaccine Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 13)
April 26, 2023 OK SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Bill Passed - House (78 - 6)
May 18, 2023 IL HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 20)
May 25, 2023 IL SB 1298 Authorizes Medicaid Healthcare Access to Undocumented Individuals 42 and Older Bill Passed - House (72 - 31)
June 5, 2023 LA HB 537 Prohibits the Chinese Government and its Citizens from Purchasing Agricultural Land in the State Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 12)
Feb. 21, 2023 MN HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 31)
May 2, 2023 FL SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
Oct. 26, 2023 TX SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
May 24, 2023 TX HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 11)
May 24, 2023 IL HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
April 20, 2023 CO HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
April 12, 2023 AZ HB 2474 Prohibits Schools from Requiring Students Receive Vaccines Approved via Emergency Authorization Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Nov. 14, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
March 10, 2023 National S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
Feb. 10, 2023 FL SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - House (77 - 34)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 419 Establishes State-Funded Insurance for Postpartum Care Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
Nov. 7, 2023 National H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Passed - House (234 - 188)
March 29, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
March 29, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
Feb. 14, 2023 NY S 819 Requires Food Allergy Awareness be Posted in Non-English Languages Bill Passed - House (97 - 44)
May 10, 2023 AZ HB 2613 Requires 100% of a Voting Machine be Manufactured in the United States Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
March 16, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
March 16, 2023 National S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
Oct. 19, 2023 National S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
Oct. 19, 2023 National S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
Oct. 25, 2023 National H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
Oct. 25, 2023 National H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
Nov. 1, 2023 National H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
Nov. 1, 2023 National H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
Nov. 2, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
Nov. 2, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
Nov. 3, 2023 National HR 3774 Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum (SHIP) Act Bill Passed - House (342 - 69)
Nov. 7, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (21 - 10)
Nov. 9, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
Nov. 9, 2023 TX SB 3 Appropriates $1.5 Billion for the Construction of a Border Wall Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
July 27, 2023 National S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
Jan. 10, 2023 National H Res 11 Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party Resolution Passed - House (365 - 65)
Jan. 10, 2023 National H Res 11 Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party Resolution Passed - House (365 - 65)
Jan. 12, 2023 National HR 22 Protecting America's Strategic Petroleum Reserve from China Act Bill Passed - House (331 - 97)
Jan. 30, 2023 MN HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - House (69 - 60)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 497 Freedom for Health Care Workers Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 203)
Feb. 1, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
Feb. 3, 2023 VA HB 2385 Prohibits Use of TikTok on Government-Issued Devices Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 3, 2023 VA HB 2385 Prohibits Use of TikTok on Government-Issued Devices Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 8, 2023 National HR 185 To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (227 - 201)
Feb. 8, 2023 FL SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
Feb. 9, 2023 National H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
Feb. 21, 2023 AZ HB 2474 Prohibits Schools from Requiring Students Receive Vaccines Approved via Emergency Authorization Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
Feb. 27, 2023 CO HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/18 HB 125 Prohibits Chinese Nationals and Other Foreign Adversaries from Owning Land in the State Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 25)
12/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - House (310 - 118)
2/24 SB 1188 Classifies Fentanyl as a "Weapons of Terrorism" and a Class 4 Felony Conference Report Adopted - House (50 - 42)
5/25 SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - House (77 - 18)
5/25 SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 5)
12/13 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
2/25 SB 1188 Classifies Fentanyl as a "Weapons of Terrorism" and a Class 4 Felony Conference Report Adopted - Senate (35 - 5)
6/06 HB 537 Prohibits the Chinese Government and its Citizens from Purchasing Agricultural Land in the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 26)
5/19 SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 6)
3/02 HB 3307 Establishing the West Virginia-Ireland Trade Commission Concurrence Vote Passed - House (87 - 10)
11/08 SB 382 Requires State Departments Take Reasonable Steps to Help Michigan Residents with Limited English Proficiency Access to State Services Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 13)
5/19 HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 7)
4/11 HB 1135 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (90 - 1)
4/17 SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
11/14 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
11/14 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
12/12 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
11/09 SB 166 Amends Punitive Articles for the Wisconsin Code of Military Justice Concurrence Vote Passed - House (92 - 5)
11/09 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
4/06 SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
3/30 H 173 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Idaho Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 9)
6/05 HB 182 Prohibits Public and Private Schools from Requiring the COVID-19 Vaccine Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 13)
4/26 SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Bill Passed - House (78 - 6)
5/18 HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 20)
5/25 SB 1298 Authorizes Medicaid Healthcare Access to Undocumented Individuals 42 and Older Bill Passed - House (72 - 31)
6/05 HB 537 Prohibits the Chinese Government and its Citizens from Purchasing Agricultural Land in the State Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 12)
2/21 HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 31)
5/02 SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
10/26 SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
5/24 HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 11)
5/24 HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
4/20 HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
4/12 HB 2474 Prohibits Schools from Requiring Students Receive Vaccines Approved via Emergency Authorization Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
11/01 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
11/14 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
3/10 S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
2/10 SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - House (77 - 34)
6/05 SB 419 Establishes State-Funded Insurance for Postpartum Care Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
3/29 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
11/07 H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Passed - House (234 - 188)
3/29 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
3/29 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Bill Passed - Senate (66 - 30)
2/14 S 819 Requires Food Allergy Awareness be Posted in Non-English Languages Bill Passed - House (97 - 44)
5/10 HB 2613 Requires 100% of a Voting Machine be Manufactured in the United States Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
3/16 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
3/16 S 316 A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. Cloture Invoked - Senate (68 - 27)
10/19 S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
10/19 S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
10/25 H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
10/25 H Res 771 Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists. Resolution Passed - House (412 - 10)
11/01 HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
11/01 HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
11/01 H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
11/01 H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
11/02 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
11/02 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (226 - 196)
11/03 HR 3774 Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum (SHIP) Act Bill Passed - House (342 - 69)
11/07 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (21 - 10)
11/09 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
11/09 SB 3 Appropriates $1.5 Billion for the Construction of a Border Wall Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
7/27 S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
1/10 H Res 11 Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party Resolution Passed - House (365 - 65)
1/10 H Res 11 Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party Resolution Passed - House (365 - 65)
1/12 HR 22 Protecting America's Strategic Petroleum Reserve from China Act Bill Passed - House (331 - 97)
1/30 HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - House (69 - 60)
1/31 HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
1/31 HR 497 Freedom for Health Care Workers Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 203)
2/01 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
2/03 HB 2385 Prohibits Use of TikTok on Government-Issued Devices Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/03 HB 2385 Prohibits Use of TikTok on Government-Issued Devices Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/08 HR 185 To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (227 - 201)
2/08 SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
2/09 H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
2/21 HB 2474 Prohibits Schools from Requiring Students Receive Vaccines Approved via Emergency Authorization Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
2/27 HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
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