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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 16, 2023 AK HB 61 Limits State Restrictions on Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
April 7, 2016 AK SB 174 Prohibits the University of Alaska from Regulating Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 5)
April 7, 2022 AL SB 2 Prohibits Enforcement of Certain Federal Gun Policies Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 5)
March 3, 2022 AL HB 272 Authorizes Permitless Carry of Handguns Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
March 19, 2014 AL SB 354 Authorizes Individuals Without Concealed Carry Licenses to Carry Firearms in Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 7)
April 1, 2021 AL SB 308 Authorizes Residents to Purchase Lifetime Concealed Carry Permits Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
April 11, 2017 AL SB 193 Authorizes Briarwood Presbyterian Church to Form a Police Force Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 4)
April 15, 2021 AL SB 358 Prohibits State and Local Governments from Enforcing Any Federal Firearms Act Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 5)
April 5, 2016 AL SB 14 Authorizes Concealed Handguns in Vehicles without a Permit Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
April 30, 2013 AL SB 93 Prohibits the Enforcement of Federal Firearm Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 6)
April 26, 2021 AR SB 298 Classifies Federal Gun Restrictions as Invalid Veto Override Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
April 26, 2021 AR SB 573 Authorizes Concealed Carry in Government Buildings, Parks and Property Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 6)
Feb. 25, 2013 AR HB 1243 Authorizes University Staff to Carry a Concealed Handgun Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 4)
March 13, 2023 AR HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
Jan. 19, 2021 AR SB 24 Expands "Stand Your Ground" Laws Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 7)
Feb. 6, 2013 AR SB 131 Prohibits Disclosure of Concealed Firearm Permit Information Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
Jan. 28, 2013 AR SB 71 Authorizes Handguns on Religious Institutions' Properties Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 4)
April 26, 2006 AZ SB 1425 Prohibition of Confiscation of Firearms During an Emergency Veto Override Failed - Senate (19 - 10)
June 27, 2008 AZ HB 2389 Involving Gun Owners' Rights Conference Report Adopted - Senate (17 - 5)
May 12, 2008 AZ HB 2629 Legalizing the Defensive Display of a Firearm Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 7)
May 19, 2008 AZ HB 2389 Involving Gun Owners' Rights Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 9)
April 4, 2006 AZ HB 2074 Concealed Weapons; Training Requirement; Renewal Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 7)
April 3, 2008 AZ SB 1132 Allowing Pistols in Restaurants Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
April 23, 2008 AZ HB 2630 Illegally Concealed Weapon Penalty Reduction Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 10)
Feb. 20, 2007 AZ SB 1251 Secure Storage of Guns at Public Establishments Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
April 11, 2006 AZ HB 2649 Firearms; Possession; Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 8)
March 6, 2006 AZ SB 1425 Prohibition of Confiscation of Firearms During an Emergency. Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 3)
June 16, 2009 AZ SB 1113 Handguns in Restaurants Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
April 12, 2017 AZ HB 2244 Establishes Reciprocity for Concealed Weapons Permits Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 11, 2019 AZ HB 2693 Repeals Requirement that Firearms be Unloaded on School Grounds Bill Failed - Senate (15 - 14)
April 16, 2014 AZ HB 2517 Establishes Penalties for Violations of an Existing State Firearms Law Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
April 16, 2013 AZ HB 2455 Requires the Sale of Certain Firearms Acquired by Public Agencies Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
April 16, 2014 AZ HB 2339 Authorizes Individuals with State Issued Gun Permits to Carry in Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
April 12, 2023 AZ HB 2394 Prohibits Any County or Municipality in Arizona from Enacting New Taxes, Levies or Fees on Firearms or Ammunition Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
March 1, 2017 AZ SB 1122 Authorizes Sale of Firearms without Background Checks Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
March 1, 2023 AZ SB 1428 Prohibits Local Municipalities from Preventing Gun Shows Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
March 3, 2021 AZ SB 1382 Classifies Gun Stores as Essential Businesses Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
Feb. 21, 2023 AZ SB 1096 Prohibits Public Contracts of Over $100K that Do Not Include Firearm Protections Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
Feb. 10, 2022 AZ SB 1251 Defines the Classification of Armed Robbery and Deadly Weapons Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
March 29, 2010 AZ HB 2307 Federal Arms Regulation Exemption Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
March 31, 2024 AZ SCR 1007 Prohibits Discrimination of Certain Firearm Producing Entities Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
Feb. 28, 2017 AZ HB 1243 Authorizes Gun Show Sales Without Background Checks Bill Failed - Senate (14 - 16)
March 11, 2015 AZ SB 1330 Prohibits State Employees from Enforcing Federal Firearm Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
April 12, 2012 AZ HB 2729 Authorizes Guns in Certain Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 11)
March 3, 2016 AZ SB 1257 Authorizes Concealed Carry of Firearms in Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
March 14, 2011 AZ SB 1467 Concealed Weapons on College Campuses Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 7)
March 8, 2011 AZ SB 1610 Official State Gun Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
March 3, 2011 AZ SB 1201 Firearms Omnibus Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
Aug. 19, 2008 CA SB 1171 Expanding Loaded Firearm Restrictions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
Aug. 24, 2006 CA AB 352 Microstamping of Bullets Fired from Semi-Automatic Guns Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
Sept. 10, 2021 CA SB 715 Extends Restrictions on Gun Control Loopholes by Requiring Verification on Hunting Licenses Conference Report Adopted - Senate (26 - 9)
Sept. 12, 2013 CA SB 755 Expands List of Crimes that Disqualify an Individual from Firearm Ownership Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 12)
June 30, 2016 CA SB 1235 Requires Background Checks to Buy Ammunition Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
Aug. 28, 2014 CA SB 199 Requires Certain Replica Guns to be Sold in Fluorescent Colors Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
Aug. 16, 2022 CA SB 1384 Requires Firearm Dealers to Use Video Surveillance Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 9)
Sept. 12, 2023 CA SB 2 Amends Penal Code Related to Firearms Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
Sept. 12, 2013 CA SB 374 Prohibits Semiautomatic Rifles with Detachable Magazines Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
Sept. 9, 2013 CA AB 711 Prohibits Lead Ammunition for Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
Sept. 10, 2013 CA AB 48 Prohibits Large-Capacity Magazines and Large-Capacity Conversion Kits Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 14)
Sept. 9, 2019 CA AB 521 Authorizes Healthcare Professions be Trained to Reduce Firearm-Related Injuries Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
Sept. 9, 2019 CA AB 12 Authorizes Gun Violence Restraining Orders Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 8)
Sept. 9, 2019 CA AB 1669 Increases Firearm Purchasing Fees Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 11)
June 29, 2022 CA AB 2571 Prohibits Marketing of Firearms to Minors; Authorizes Lawsuits Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 7)
June 27, 2022 CA AB 2239 Expands the List of People Prohibited from Possessing Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
May 19, 2016 CA AB 1135 Prohibits Firearms with Bullet Button Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 14)
Sept. 7, 2023 CA AB 28 Establishes an 11% Tax on Firearm and Ammunition Purchases in California Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
Aug. 27, 2014 CA AB 1014 Authorizes Gun Violence Restraining Orders Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
Sept. 4, 2019 CA AB 61 Amends Restraining Order Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 10)
Aug. 28, 2020 CA AB 2847 Requires Microstamping Within Handguns Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 12)
Aug. 21, 2018 CA AB 2103 Requires Concealed Carry Applicants Complete 8 Hours of Gun Safety Training Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
June 30, 2016 CA AB 1695 Prohibits Falsely Reporting the Loss or Theft of a Firearm Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
June 30, 2016 CA AB 1674 Limits the Purchase of Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 14)
June 29, 2022 CA AB 2551 Establishes Procedures to Notify Law Enforcement About Firearm Violations Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Sept. 9, 2021 CA AB 173 Requires the California DOJ to Supply Information to the California Firearm Violence Research Center Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
June 27, 2022 CA AB 311 Prohibits the Sale of Firearms in Certain Areas Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/16 HB 61 Limits State Restrictions on Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
4/07 SB 174 Prohibits the University of Alaska from Regulating Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 5)
4/07 SB 2 Prohibits Enforcement of Certain Federal Gun Policies Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 5)
3/03 HB 272 Authorizes Permitless Carry of Handguns Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
3/19 SB 354 Authorizes Individuals Without Concealed Carry Licenses to Carry Firearms in Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 7)
4/01 SB 308 Authorizes Residents to Purchase Lifetime Concealed Carry Permits Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
4/11 SB 193 Authorizes Briarwood Presbyterian Church to Form a Police Force Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 4)
4/15 SB 358 Prohibits State and Local Governments from Enforcing Any Federal Firearms Act Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 5)
4/05 SB 14 Authorizes Concealed Handguns in Vehicles without a Permit Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
4/30 SB 93 Prohibits the Enforcement of Federal Firearm Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 6)
4/26 SB 298 Classifies Federal Gun Restrictions as Invalid Veto Override Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
4/26 SB 573 Authorizes Concealed Carry in Government Buildings, Parks and Property Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 6)
2/25 HB 1243 Authorizes University Staff to Carry a Concealed Handgun Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 4)
3/13 HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
1/19 SB 24 Expands "Stand Your Ground" Laws Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 7)
2/06 SB 131 Prohibits Disclosure of Concealed Firearm Permit Information Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
1/28 SB 71 Authorizes Handguns on Religious Institutions' Properties Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 4)
4/26 SB 1425 Prohibition of Confiscation of Firearms During an Emergency Veto Override Failed - Senate (19 - 10)
6/27 HB 2389 Involving Gun Owners' Rights Conference Report Adopted - Senate (17 - 5)
5/12 HB 2629 Legalizing the Defensive Display of a Firearm Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 7)
5/19 HB 2389 Involving Gun Owners' Rights Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 9)
4/04 HB 2074 Concealed Weapons; Training Requirement; Renewal Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 7)
4/03 SB 1132 Allowing Pistols in Restaurants Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
4/23 HB 2630 Illegally Concealed Weapon Penalty Reduction Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 10)
2/20 SB 1251 Secure Storage of Guns at Public Establishments Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
4/11 HB 2649 Firearms; Possession; Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 8)
3/06 SB 1425 Prohibition of Confiscation of Firearms During an Emergency. Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 3)
6/16 SB 1113 Handguns in Restaurants Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
4/12 HB 2244 Establishes Reciprocity for Concealed Weapons Permits Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/11 HB 2693 Repeals Requirement that Firearms be Unloaded on School Grounds Bill Failed - Senate (15 - 14)
4/16 HB 2517 Establishes Penalties for Violations of an Existing State Firearms Law Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
4/16 HB 2455 Requires the Sale of Certain Firearms Acquired by Public Agencies Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
4/16 HB 2339 Authorizes Individuals with State Issued Gun Permits to Carry in Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
4/12 HB 2394 Prohibits Any County or Municipality in Arizona from Enacting New Taxes, Levies or Fees on Firearms or Ammunition Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
3/01 SB 1122 Authorizes Sale of Firearms without Background Checks Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
3/01 SB 1428 Prohibits Local Municipalities from Preventing Gun Shows Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
3/03 SB 1382 Classifies Gun Stores as Essential Businesses Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
2/21 SB 1096 Prohibits Public Contracts of Over $100K that Do Not Include Firearm Protections Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
2/10 SB 1251 Defines the Classification of Armed Robbery and Deadly Weapons Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
3/29 HB 2307 Federal Arms Regulation Exemption Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
3/31 SCR 1007 Prohibits Discrimination of Certain Firearm Producing Entities Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
2/28 HB 1243 Authorizes Gun Show Sales Without Background Checks Bill Failed - Senate (14 - 16)
3/11 SB 1330 Prohibits State Employees from Enforcing Federal Firearm Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
4/12 HB 2729 Authorizes Guns in Certain Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 11)
3/03 SB 1257 Authorizes Concealed Carry of Firearms in Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
3/14 SB 1467 Concealed Weapons on College Campuses Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 7)
3/08 SB 1610 Official State Gun Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 12)
3/03 SB 1201 Firearms Omnibus Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
8/19 SB 1171 Expanding Loaded Firearm Restrictions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
8/24 AB 352 Microstamping of Bullets Fired from Semi-Automatic Guns Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
9/10 SB 715 Extends Restrictions on Gun Control Loopholes by Requiring Verification on Hunting Licenses Conference Report Adopted - Senate (26 - 9)
9/12 SB 755 Expands List of Crimes that Disqualify an Individual from Firearm Ownership Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 12)
6/30 SB 1235 Requires Background Checks to Buy Ammunition Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
8/28 SB 199 Requires Certain Replica Guns to be Sold in Fluorescent Colors Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
8/16 SB 1384 Requires Firearm Dealers to Use Video Surveillance Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 9)
9/12 SB 2 Amends Penal Code Related to Firearms Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
9/12 SB 374 Prohibits Semiautomatic Rifles with Detachable Magazines Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
9/09 AB 711 Prohibits Lead Ammunition for Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
9/10 AB 48 Prohibits Large-Capacity Magazines and Large-Capacity Conversion Kits Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 14)
9/09 AB 521 Authorizes Healthcare Professions be Trained to Reduce Firearm-Related Injuries Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
9/09 AB 12 Authorizes Gun Violence Restraining Orders Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 8)
9/09 AB 1669 Increases Firearm Purchasing Fees Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 11)
6/29 AB 2571 Prohibits Marketing of Firearms to Minors; Authorizes Lawsuits Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 7)
6/27 AB 2239 Expands the List of People Prohibited from Possessing Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
5/19 AB 1135 Prohibits Firearms with Bullet Button Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 14)
9/07 AB 28 Establishes an 11% Tax on Firearm and Ammunition Purchases in California Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
8/27 AB 1014 Authorizes Gun Violence Restraining Orders Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
9/04 AB 61 Amends Restraining Order Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 10)
8/28 AB 2847 Requires Microstamping Within Handguns Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 12)
8/21 AB 2103 Requires Concealed Carry Applicants Complete 8 Hours of Gun Safety Training Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
6/30 AB 1695 Prohibits Falsely Reporting the Loss or Theft of a Firearm Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
6/30 AB 1674 Limits the Purchase of Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 14)
6/29 AB 2551 Establishes Procedures to Notify Law Enforcement About Firearm Violations Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
9/09 AB 173 Requires the California DOJ to Supply Information to the California Firearm Violence Research Center Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
6/27 AB 311 Prohibits the Sale of Firearms in Certain Areas Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
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