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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 25, 2024 National H Res 1371 Strongly condemning the Biden Administration and its Border Czar, Kamala Harris's, failure to secure the United States border. Resolution Passed - House (220 - 196)
June 25, 2024 National HR 2789 American Cooperation with Our Neighbors Act Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
May 23, 2024 National HR 192 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (262 - 143)
May 16, 2024 National HR 8146 Police Our Border Act Bill Passed - House (254 - 157)
May 15, 2024 National H Res 1210 Condemning the Biden border crisis and the tremendous burdens law enforcement officers face as a result. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 185)
May 15, 2024 National HR 7343 Detain and Deport Illegal Aliens Who Assault Cops Act Bill Passed - House (265 - 148)
May 8, 2024 National HR 7109 Equal Representation Act Bill Passed - House (206 - 202)
May 1, 2024 National H Res 1112 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 191)
April 20, 2024 National HR 3602 End the Border Catastrophe Act Bill Failed - House (215 - 199)
April 18, 2024 OK HB 4156 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (77 - 20)
March 29, 2024 ID H 753 Prohibits Illegal Entry Into Idaho Bill Passed - House (53 - 15)
March 28, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 75)
March 14, 2024 TN HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
March 12, 2024 National H Res 1065 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (226 - 193)
March 6, 2024 OR SB 1533 Requires the Secretary of State Translate Voter Pamphlets into the 10 Most Common Languages in the State Bill Passed - House (45 - 9)
March 6, 2024 FL HB 1451 Prohibits the Acceptance of Certain Forms of Identification Bill Passed - House (81 - 32)
Feb. 29, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - House (97 - 74)
Feb. 28, 2024 AZ SB 1231 Classifies Illegal Border Crossing as a State Crime Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
Feb. 26, 2024 SD HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - House (63 - 5)
Feb. 9, 2024 WA HB 1889 Repeals Citizenship Requirements to Work for Undocumented Immigrants Seeking Professional Licenses Bill Passed - House (66 - 31)
Feb. 1, 2024 National HR 6976 Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 150)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6679 No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Bill Passed - House (422 - 2)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
Jan. 30, 2024 KY HB 341 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in an Election Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
Jan. 30, 2024 National HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
Jan. 17, 2024 National H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
Nov. 30, 2023 National HR 5283 Protecting our Communities from Failure to Secure the Border Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 203)
Nov. 14, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
Oct. 26, 2023 TX SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
Sept. 29, 2023 National HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
July 19, 2023 National HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
June 26, 2023 PA HB 1067 Authorizes Immigrant Teachers with Valid License Certification and Experience Bill Passed - House (110 - 93)
June 22, 2023 National H Res 461 Condemning the use of elementary and secondary school facilities to provide shelter for aliens who are not admitted to the United States. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 201)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 419 Establishes State-Funded Insurance for Postpartum Care Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
May 25, 2023 OK SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - House (77 - 18)
May 25, 2023 IL SB 1298 Authorizes Medicaid Healthcare Access to Undocumented Individuals 42 and Older Bill Passed - House (72 - 31)
May 19, 2023 IL HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 7)
May 17, 2023 National HR 2494 POLICE Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (255 - 175)
May 11, 2023 National HR 2 Secure the Border Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 213)
May 10, 2023 TX HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - House (88 - 56)
May 2, 2023 FL SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
April 26, 2023 OK SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Bill Passed - House (78 - 6)
April 6, 2023 ND SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
March 28, 2023 NC HB 10 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (71 - 44)
March 23, 2023 IL HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - House (67 - 35)
Feb. 27, 2023 CO HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
Feb. 14, 2023 NY S 819 Requires Food Allergy Awareness be Posted in Non-English Languages Bill Passed - House (97 - 44)
Feb. 10, 2023 FL SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - House (77 - 34)
Jan. 30, 2023 MN HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - House (69 - 60)
Dec. 15, 2022 National HR 8393 Puerto Rico Status Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 191)
Dec. 6, 2022 National HR 7946 Veteran Service Recognition Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
Aug. 15, 2022 CA SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - House (45 - 19)
July 27, 2022 National HR 3771 South Asian Heart Awareness and Research Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (237 - 192)
June 30, 2022 NC SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (65 - 47)
June 22, 2022 RI H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons (55 - 15)
June 8, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - House (119 - 36)
May 26, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (117 - 36)
April 25, 2022 AZ HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (37 - 20)
April 4, 2022 CO SB 22-103 Authorizes Criminal Defendants to Challenge Their Misdemeanor Guilty Pleas in Court if Not Advised of Immigration Consequences Bill Passed - House (40 - 25)
March 15, 2022 NH HB 1266 Prohibits Restrictions on Immigration Enforcement "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - House (172 - 162)
March 9, 2022 FL SB 1808 Requires Local Governments to Assist with Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (77 - 42)
March 4, 2022 OR SB 1560 Amends State Immigration Laws by Replacing Alien with Non-Citizen Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
March 3, 2022 OR SB 1550 Transfers Immigrant Office to Department of Human Services Bill Passed - House (42 - 16)
Feb. 16, 2022 MA H 4461 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Immigrants (120 - 36)
Feb. 16, 2022 MA H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (120 - 36)
Feb. 3, 2022 AZ HR 2004 Establishes Support for Completion of Border Wall Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
Jan. 10, 2022 NH HB 579 Requires Police Provide Public Notice Before Conducting Immigration Checkpoints "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (254 - 85)
Sept. 1, 2021 CA SB 714 Authorizes DREAMers to Participate in County Central Committees Bill Passed - House (57 - 11)
July 22, 2021 National HR 3985 Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (407 - 16)
June 24, 2021 OR HB 3352 Expands Insurance Eligibility to Undocumented Immigrants Not Covered by Medicaid Bill Passed - House (37 - 21)
June 21, 2021 NJ A 5207 Prohibits State, Local Entities, and Private Detention Facilities from Signing Contracts to Detain Non-Citizens Bill Passed - House (46 - 24)
June 17, 2021 OR HB 3021 Requires the Secretary of State Make Available a list of the 5 Most Common Spoken Languages Other than English by State Residents in Each County Bill Passed - House (36 - 16)
June 17, 2021 OR HB 3265 Expands and Strengthens the State's Sanctuary Law Bill Passed - House (36 - 21)
June 1, 2021 NY A 3412A Classifies Threats Against an Individual's Immigration Status as Extortion or Coercion Bill Passed - House (106 - 41)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/25 H Res 1371 Strongly condemning the Biden Administration and its Border Czar, Kamala Harris's, failure to secure the United States border. Resolution Passed - House (220 - 196)
6/25 HR 2789 American Cooperation with Our Neighbors Act Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
5/23 HR 192 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (262 - 143)
5/16 HR 8146 Police Our Border Act Bill Passed - House (254 - 157)
5/15 H Res 1210 Condemning the Biden border crisis and the tremendous burdens law enforcement officers face as a result. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 185)
5/15 HR 7343 Detain and Deport Illegal Aliens Who Assault Cops Act Bill Passed - House (265 - 148)
5/08 HR 7109 Equal Representation Act Bill Passed - House (206 - 202)
5/01 H Res 1112 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 191)
4/20 HR 3602 End the Border Catastrophe Act Bill Failed - House (215 - 199)
4/18 HB 4156 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (77 - 20)
3/29 H 753 Prohibits Illegal Entry Into Idaho Bill Passed - House (53 - 15)
3/28 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 75)
3/14 HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
3/12 H Res 1065 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (226 - 193)
3/06 SB 1533 Requires the Secretary of State Translate Voter Pamphlets into the 10 Most Common Languages in the State Bill Passed - House (45 - 9)
3/06 HB 1451 Prohibits the Acceptance of Certain Forms of Identification Bill Passed - House (81 - 32)
2/29 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - House (97 - 74)
2/28 SB 1231 Classifies Illegal Border Crossing as a State Crime Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
2/26 HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - House (63 - 5)
2/09 HB 1889 Repeals Citizenship Requirements to Work for Undocumented Immigrants Seeking Professional Licenses Bill Passed - House (66 - 31)
2/01 HR 6976 Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 150)
1/31 HR 6679 No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Bill Passed - House (422 - 2)
1/31 HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
1/30 HB 341 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in an Election Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
1/30 HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
1/17 H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
11/30 HR 5283 Protecting our Communities from Failure to Secure the Border Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 203)
11/14 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
11/09 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
10/26 SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
9/29 HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
7/19 HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
6/26 HB 1067 Authorizes Immigrant Teachers with Valid License Certification and Experience Bill Passed - House (110 - 93)
6/22 H Res 461 Condemning the use of elementary and secondary school facilities to provide shelter for aliens who are not admitted to the United States. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 201)
6/05 SB 419 Establishes State-Funded Insurance for Postpartum Care Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
5/25 SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - House (77 - 18)
5/25 SB 1298 Authorizes Medicaid Healthcare Access to Undocumented Individuals 42 and Older Bill Passed - House (72 - 31)
5/19 HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 7)
5/17 HR 2494 POLICE Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (255 - 175)
5/11 HR 2 Secure the Border Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (219 - 213)
5/10 HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - House (88 - 56)
5/02 SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
4/26 SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Bill Passed - House (78 - 6)
4/06 SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
3/28 HB 10 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (71 - 44)
3/23 HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - House (67 - 35)
2/27 HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
2/14 S 819 Requires Food Allergy Awareness be Posted in Non-English Languages Bill Passed - House (97 - 44)
2/10 SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - House (77 - 34)
1/30 HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - House (69 - 60)
12/15 HR 8393 Puerto Rico Status Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 191)
12/06 HR 7946 Veteran Service Recognition Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
8/15 SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - House (45 - 19)
7/27 HR 3771 South Asian Heart Awareness and Research Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (237 - 192)
6/30 SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (65 - 47)
6/22 H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons (55 - 15)
6/08 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - House (119 - 36)
5/26 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (117 - 36)
4/25 HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (37 - 20)
4/04 SB 22-103 Authorizes Criminal Defendants to Challenge Their Misdemeanor Guilty Pleas in Court if Not Advised of Immigration Consequences Bill Passed - House (40 - 25)
3/15 HB 1266 Prohibits Restrictions on Immigration Enforcement "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - House (172 - 162)
3/09 SB 1808 Requires Local Governments to Assist with Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (77 - 42)
3/04 SB 1560 Amends State Immigration Laws by Replacing Alien with Non-Citizen Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
3/03 SB 1550 Transfers Immigrant Office to Department of Human Services Bill Passed - House (42 - 16)
2/16 H 4461 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Immigrants (120 - 36)
2/16 H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (120 - 36)
2/03 HR 2004 Establishes Support for Completion of Border Wall Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
1/10 HB 579 Requires Police Provide Public Notice Before Conducting Immigration Checkpoints "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (254 - 85)
9/01 SB 714 Authorizes DREAMers to Participate in County Central Committees Bill Passed - House (57 - 11)
7/22 HR 3985 Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (407 - 16)
6/24 HB 3352 Expands Insurance Eligibility to Undocumented Immigrants Not Covered by Medicaid Bill Passed - House (37 - 21)
6/21 A 5207 Prohibits State, Local Entities, and Private Detention Facilities from Signing Contracts to Detain Non-Citizens Bill Passed - House (46 - 24)
6/17 HB 3021 Requires the Secretary of State Make Available a list of the 5 Most Common Spoken Languages Other than English by State Residents in Each County Bill Passed - House (36 - 16)
6/17 HB 3265 Expands and Strengthens the State's Sanctuary Law Bill Passed - House (36 - 21)
6/01 A 3412A Classifies Threats Against an Individual's Immigration Status as Extortion or Coercion Bill Passed - House (106 - 41)
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