Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 13, 2023 National H Res 918 Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (221 - 212)
Dec. 13, 2023 National H Res 927 Condemning antisemitism on University campuses and the testimony of University Presidents in the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. Resolution Passed - House (303 - 126)
Dec. 5, 2023 National H Res 894 Strongly condemning and denouncing the drastic rise of antisemitism in the United States and around the world. Resolution Passed - House (311 - 14)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SJR 73 Amends the State Constitution to Add a Photo-ID Requirement to Vote Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 35)
Nov. 7, 2023 WI AB 553 Establishes Certain Free Speech and Academic Standards at Higher Institutions Bill Passed - House (62 - 36)
Nov. 2, 2023 National H Res 798 Condemning the support of Hamas, Hezbollah, and other terrorist organizations at institutions of higher education, which may lead to the creation of a hostile environment for Jewish students, faculty, and staff. Resolution Passed - House (396 - 23)
Sept. 27, 2023 MI HB 4568 Authorizes Motor Vehicle Hiring to Transport Voters to Polls Bill Passed - House (56 - 54)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 352 Requires Information on Fertility and Menstrual Tracking Apps Be Subject to Medical Privacy Laws Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 14)
Sept. 7, 2023 CA AB 1078 Prohibits School Book Bans Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 17)
Aug. 16, 2023 NC SB 579 Prohibits Showing Adult Entertainment to a Minor Bill Passed - House (118 - 1)
July 25, 2023 ME LD 1610 Prohibits Campaign Spending by Foreign Governments and Establishes an Anticorruption Amendment in the State Constitution Veto Override Failed - House (73 - 50)
July 7, 2023 PA HB 1394 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - House (182 - 21)
July 6, 2023 ME LD 1756 Expands Employee's Freedom of Association and Speech in the Workplace (76 - 52)
June 22, 2023 National H Res 529 Relating to the resolution (H. Res. 503) impeaching Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 208)
June 15, 2023 National HR 288 Separation of Powers Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 211)
June 15, 2023 ME LD 1001 Amends the Maine Human Rights Act Regarding Right-to-sue Letters Bill Passed - House (88 - 54)
June 13, 2023 ME LD 279 Prohibits Public Entities from Discriminating Against Individuals "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (77 - 64)
June 8, 2023 LA SB 159 Amends Previous Law to Automatically Classify 17-Year-Old Defendants as Adults Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 34)
June 8, 2023 NY A 7691 Establishes a State Commission to Consider Reparations to Address Effects of Slavery Bill Passed - House (105 - 42)
June 6, 2023 ME LD 1703 Expands the Equal Pay Act to Include Race "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (112 - 20)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 368 Rescinds Previous Racial Language Governing Housing Covenants Bill Passed - House (38 - 4)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 323 Repeals Discriminator Language in Housing Association Convenants and Other Purposes Bill Passed - House (38 - 4)
May 31, 2023 CA AB 280 Limits the Use of Solitary Confinement in California State Prisons Bill Passed - House (56 - 16)
May 26, 2023 NV AB 404 Authorizes Caps for Medical Malpractice Lawsuits to Increase Bill Passed - House (24 - 17)
May 24, 2023 NV SB 239 Authorizes Medical Aid-In-Dying for Terminally Ill Individuals Bill Passed - House (23 - 19)
May 10, 2023 MO SB 28 Amends Public Records Access for Missouri State Highway Patrol Bill Passed - House (119 - 29)
May 9, 2023 ME LD 53 Repeals Intentional Torts from Workers Compensation Exemptions Bill Passed - House (82 - 60)
May 4, 2023 FL SB 262 Establishes a State Digital Bill of Rights to Provide User Protections Concurrence Vote Passed - House (110 - 2)
May 3, 2023 FL SB 266 Prohibits Higher Education Institutions from Spending Federal or State Funds on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Training Bill Passed - House (81 - 34)
May 2, 2023 MO SB 106 Requires Patient Approval before Doctors Give Prostate, Anal, or Pelvic Exams to Unconscious Individuals Bill Passed - House (118 - 29)
April 28, 2023 FL HB 1543 Establishes a New Minimum Age to Purchase a Firearm Bill Passed - House (69 - 36)
April 26, 2023 FL HB 931 Prohibits Public Institutions from Requiring Students, Faculty, or Staff Take Political Loyalty Tests Bill Passed - House (82 - 34)
April 25, 2023 ND HB 1474 Establishes State Definitions for Male, Female, Sex, and Scrap Metal Dealer Conference Report Adopted - House (75 - 15)
April 19, 2023 NV AB 452 Amends Regulations and Visitation Rights of Prisoners Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
April 18, 2023 MT SB 397 Amends Laws Related to Privacy and Facial Recognition Technology Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 16)
April 13, 2023 FL SB 450 Reduces Amount of Jurors Needed for Agreement on Death Sentences Bill Passed - House (80 - 30)
April 12, 2023 VA SB 989 Establishes Greater Victims Rights in Court Concurrence Vote Passed - House (76 - 16)
April 12, 2023 VA HB 2169 Specifies Parole Board Records are no Longer Exempt from Mandatory Disclosure Requirements in the Virginia Freedom of Information Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 35)
April 11, 2023 CO HB 23-1011 Authorizes Individuals Right to Repair Agriculture Equipment Conference Report Adopted - House (44 - 16)
April 10, 2023 OR HB 2281 Requires School Districts Hire a Civil Rights Coordinator Bill Passed - House (35 - 18)
April 6, 2023 MD SB 450 Prohibits Landlords from Limiting or Evicting Tenants for Repeatedly Calling Law Enforcement or Emergency Services Bill Passed - House (99 - 37)
April 6, 2023 MD SB 5 Authorizes Victims of Hate Crimes to Bring Civil Lawsuits Against Those Who Committed the Act Bill Passed - House (106 - 31)
April 6, 2023 TN HR 64 Requires Rep. Gloria Johnson be Expelled from the State House of Representatives Resolution Failed - House (65 - 29)
April 6, 2023 TN HR 65 Requires Rep. Justin Jones be Expelled from the State House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (72 - 23)
April 6, 2023 TN HR 63 Requires Rep. Justin Pearson be Expelled from the State House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (69 - 25)
April 5, 2023 AZ SB 1021 Requires the Arizona Attorney General Defend the Constitutionality of Any Bill Signed into Law Bill Passed - House (31 - 27)
March 31, 2023 FL HB 319 Increases Protest Penalties Bill Passed - House (109 - 3)
March 30, 2023 MD SB 798 Establishes a Voter Referendum for 2024 Election that Enshrines Individual's Constitutional Right to Reproductive Freedom Bill Passed - House (98 - 38)
March 23, 2023 NH CACR 2 Establishes Protections Over Reproductive Health Choices in the State Constitution "Ought to Pass" Report Not Adopted - House (193 - 191)
March 21, 2023 IL HB 1596 Amends the Children Family Services Act by Removing Gender Specific Pronouns Bill Passed - House (72 - 37)
March 16, 2023 KY SB 129 Prohibits Selling Data Obtained by Automated License Plate Readers Bill Passed - House (52 - 35)
March 15, 2023 IA SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - House (63 - 34)
March 9, 2023 National HR 140 Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 206)
March 8, 2023 MI SB 4 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (64 - 45)
March 8, 2023 SC H 3014 Authorizes Additional Penalties for Perpetrators of Hate Crimes Bill Passed - House (84 - 31)
March 6, 2023 GA HB 30 Defines "Antisemitism" into State Law Bill Passed - House (136 - 22)
March 6, 2023 GA HB 30 Defines "Antisemitism" into State Law Bill Passed - House (136 - 22)
March 3, 2023 UT SB 250 Prohibits Certain Government Surveillance Systems Bill Passed - House (68 - 3)
March 3, 2023 NM HB 207 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (47 - 20)
March 2, 2023 MT HB 693 Prohibits State Agencies from Denying Individual Records Request Due To Ongoing Litigation Bill Passed - House (94 - 4)
March 1, 2023 GA HB 505 Establishes Criminal Charges for Violent Rioting Bill Passed - House (98 - 73)
Feb. 24, 2023 PA HB 2 Amends State Law to Temporarily Open the 2-Year Window for Survivors to File Civil Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (134 - 67)
Feb. 24, 2023 PA HB 1 Amends the State Constitution to Increase the Reporting Window for Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Bill Passed - House (161 - 40)
Feb. 22, 2023 VA SB 1455 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Establish a Curfew Bill Passed - House (53 - 43)
Feb. 22, 2023 SD HB 1200 Require Citizens Collect 1,000 Signatures from Each Legislative District to Put Constitutional Amendments to a Statewide Vote Bill Passed - House (47 - 22)
Feb. 22, 2023 IN HB 1334 Increases Restrictions on Voter Registration Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
Feb. 21, 2023 AZ HB 2523 Requires Students 17 and Younger to Recite the Pledge of Allegiance in School Bill Passed - House (31 - 29)
Feb. 15, 2023 ND HB 1489 Prohibits Collegiate Transgender Athletes from Competing with the Gender They Identify As Bill Passed - House (75 - 18)
Feb. 15, 2023 ND HB 1249 Requires Classification of Student Athletes Based on "Biological Sex" Bill Passed - House (78 - 15)
Feb. 13, 2023 MN HF 2 Establishes 12 Weeks of Paid Family and Medical Leave Bill Passed - House (70 - 60)
Feb. 8, 2023 NC HB 40 Increases Penalties for Rioting Bill Passed - House (75 - 43)
Feb. 7, 2023 MS HB 1020 Establishes a Court System of Unelected Judges and Prosecutors for the City of Jackson, Mississippi Bill Passed - House (76 - 38)
Feb. 2, 2023 MO HJR 43 Requires 60% of Popular Vote to Approve Constitutional Amendments Bill Passed - House (108 - 50)
Jan. 24, 2023 NY A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. Bill Passed - House (97 - 46)
Jan. 24, 2023 NY A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. Bill Passed - House (97 - 46)
Jan. 19, 2023 MN HF 1 Establishes Abortion Protections as a State Constitutional Right Bill Passed - House (69 - 65)
Jan. 18, 2023 AR HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
Jan. 11, 2023 MN HF 37 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - House (111 - 19)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/13 H Res 918 Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (221 - 212)
12/13 H Res 927 Condemning antisemitism on University campuses and the testimony of University Presidents in the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. Resolution Passed - House (303 - 126)
12/05 H Res 894 Strongly condemning and denouncing the drastic rise of antisemitism in the United States and around the world. Resolution Passed - House (311 - 14)
11/09 SJR 73 Amends the State Constitution to Add a Photo-ID Requirement to Vote Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 35)
11/07 AB 553 Establishes Certain Free Speech and Academic Standards at Higher Institutions Bill Passed - House (62 - 36)
11/02 H Res 798 Condemning the support of Hamas, Hezbollah, and other terrorist organizations at institutions of higher education, which may lead to the creation of a hostile environment for Jewish students, faculty, and staff. Resolution Passed - House (396 - 23)
9/27 HB 4568 Authorizes Motor Vehicle Hiring to Transport Voters to Polls Bill Passed - House (56 - 54)
9/14 AB 352 Requires Information on Fertility and Menstrual Tracking Apps Be Subject to Medical Privacy Laws Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 14)
9/07 AB 1078 Prohibits School Book Bans Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 17)
8/16 SB 579 Prohibits Showing Adult Entertainment to a Minor Bill Passed - House (118 - 1)
7/25 LD 1610 Prohibits Campaign Spending by Foreign Governments and Establishes an Anticorruption Amendment in the State Constitution Veto Override Failed - House (73 - 50)
7/07 HB 1394 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - House (182 - 21)
7/06 LD 1756 Expands Employee's Freedom of Association and Speech in the Workplace (76 - 52)
6/22 H Res 529 Relating to the resolution (H. Res. 503) impeaching Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 208)
6/15 HR 288 Separation of Powers Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 211)
6/15 LD 1001 Amends the Maine Human Rights Act Regarding Right-to-sue Letters Bill Passed - House (88 - 54)
6/13 LD 279 Prohibits Public Entities from Discriminating Against Individuals "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (77 - 64)
6/08 SB 159 Amends Previous Law to Automatically Classify 17-Year-Old Defendants as Adults Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 34)
6/08 A 7691 Establishes a State Commission to Consider Reparations to Address Effects of Slavery Bill Passed - House (105 - 42)
6/06 LD 1703 Expands the Equal Pay Act to Include Race "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (112 - 20)
6/05 SB 368 Rescinds Previous Racial Language Governing Housing Covenants Bill Passed - House (38 - 4)
6/05 SB 323 Repeals Discriminator Language in Housing Association Convenants and Other Purposes Bill Passed - House (38 - 4)
5/31 AB 280 Limits the Use of Solitary Confinement in California State Prisons Bill Passed - House (56 - 16)
5/26 AB 404 Authorizes Caps for Medical Malpractice Lawsuits to Increase Bill Passed - House (24 - 17)
5/24 SB 239 Authorizes Medical Aid-In-Dying for Terminally Ill Individuals Bill Passed - House (23 - 19)
5/10 SB 28 Amends Public Records Access for Missouri State Highway Patrol Bill Passed - House (119 - 29)
5/09 LD 53 Repeals Intentional Torts from Workers Compensation Exemptions Bill Passed - House (82 - 60)
5/04 SB 262 Establishes a State Digital Bill of Rights to Provide User Protections Concurrence Vote Passed - House (110 - 2)
5/03 SB 266 Prohibits Higher Education Institutions from Spending Federal or State Funds on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Training Bill Passed - House (81 - 34)
5/02 SB 106 Requires Patient Approval before Doctors Give Prostate, Anal, or Pelvic Exams to Unconscious Individuals Bill Passed - House (118 - 29)
4/28 HB 1543 Establishes a New Minimum Age to Purchase a Firearm Bill Passed - House (69 - 36)
4/26 HB 931 Prohibits Public Institutions from Requiring Students, Faculty, or Staff Take Political Loyalty Tests Bill Passed - House (82 - 34)
4/25 HB 1474 Establishes State Definitions for Male, Female, Sex, and Scrap Metal Dealer Conference Report Adopted - House (75 - 15)
4/19 AB 452 Amends Regulations and Visitation Rights of Prisoners Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
4/18 SB 397 Amends Laws Related to Privacy and Facial Recognition Technology Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 16)
4/13 SB 450 Reduces Amount of Jurors Needed for Agreement on Death Sentences Bill Passed - House (80 - 30)
4/12 SB 989 Establishes Greater Victims Rights in Court Concurrence Vote Passed - House (76 - 16)
4/12 HB 2169 Specifies Parole Board Records are no Longer Exempt from Mandatory Disclosure Requirements in the Virginia Freedom of Information Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 35)
4/11 HB 23-1011 Authorizes Individuals Right to Repair Agriculture Equipment Conference Report Adopted - House (44 - 16)
4/10 HB 2281 Requires School Districts Hire a Civil Rights Coordinator Bill Passed - House (35 - 18)
4/06 SB 450 Prohibits Landlords from Limiting or Evicting Tenants for Repeatedly Calling Law Enforcement or Emergency Services Bill Passed - House (99 - 37)
4/06 SB 5 Authorizes Victims of Hate Crimes to Bring Civil Lawsuits Against Those Who Committed the Act Bill Passed - House (106 - 31)
4/06 HR 64 Requires Rep. Gloria Johnson be Expelled from the State House of Representatives Resolution Failed - House (65 - 29)
4/06 HR 65 Requires Rep. Justin Jones be Expelled from the State House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (72 - 23)
4/06 HR 63 Requires Rep. Justin Pearson be Expelled from the State House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (69 - 25)
4/05 SB 1021 Requires the Arizona Attorney General Defend the Constitutionality of Any Bill Signed into Law Bill Passed - House (31 - 27)
3/31 HB 319 Increases Protest Penalties Bill Passed - House (109 - 3)
3/30 SB 798 Establishes a Voter Referendum for 2024 Election that Enshrines Individual's Constitutional Right to Reproductive Freedom Bill Passed - House (98 - 38)
3/23 CACR 2 Establishes Protections Over Reproductive Health Choices in the State Constitution "Ought to Pass" Report Not Adopted - House (193 - 191)
3/21 HB 1596 Amends the Children Family Services Act by Removing Gender Specific Pronouns Bill Passed - House (72 - 37)
3/16 SB 129 Prohibits Selling Data Obtained by Automated License Plate Readers Bill Passed - House (52 - 35)
3/15 SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - House (63 - 34)
3/09 HR 140 Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 206)
3/08 SB 4 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (64 - 45)
3/08 H 3014 Authorizes Additional Penalties for Perpetrators of Hate Crimes Bill Passed - House (84 - 31)
3/06 HB 30 Defines "Antisemitism" into State Law Bill Passed - House (136 - 22)
3/06 HB 30 Defines "Antisemitism" into State Law Bill Passed - House (136 - 22)
3/03 SB 250 Prohibits Certain Government Surveillance Systems Bill Passed - House (68 - 3)
3/03 HB 207 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (47 - 20)
3/02 HB 693 Prohibits State Agencies from Denying Individual Records Request Due To Ongoing Litigation Bill Passed - House (94 - 4)
3/01 HB 505 Establishes Criminal Charges for Violent Rioting Bill Passed - House (98 - 73)
2/24 HB 2 Amends State Law to Temporarily Open the 2-Year Window for Survivors to File Civil Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (134 - 67)
2/24 HB 1 Amends the State Constitution to Increase the Reporting Window for Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Bill Passed - House (161 - 40)
2/22 SB 1455 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Establish a Curfew Bill Passed - House (53 - 43)
2/22 HB 1200 Require Citizens Collect 1,000 Signatures from Each Legislative District to Put Constitutional Amendments to a Statewide Vote Bill Passed - House (47 - 22)
2/22 HB 1334 Increases Restrictions on Voter Registration Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
2/21 HB 2523 Requires Students 17 and Younger to Recite the Pledge of Allegiance in School Bill Passed - House (31 - 29)
2/15 HB 1489 Prohibits Collegiate Transgender Athletes from Competing with the Gender They Identify As Bill Passed - House (75 - 18)
2/15 HB 1249 Requires Classification of Student Athletes Based on "Biological Sex" Bill Passed - House (78 - 15)
2/13 HF 2 Establishes 12 Weeks of Paid Family and Medical Leave Bill Passed - House (70 - 60)
2/08 HB 40 Increases Penalties for Rioting Bill Passed - House (75 - 43)
2/07 HB 1020 Establishes a Court System of Unelected Judges and Prosecutors for the City of Jackson, Mississippi Bill Passed - House (76 - 38)
2/02 HJR 43 Requires 60% of Popular Vote to Approve Constitutional Amendments Bill Passed - House (108 - 50)
1/24 A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. Bill Passed - House (97 - 46)
1/24 A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. Bill Passed - House (97 - 46)
1/19 HF 1 Establishes Abortion Protections as a State Constitutional Right Bill Passed - House (69 - 65)
1/18 HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
1/11 HF 37 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - House (111 - 19)

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